Chapter 20 - Energy and Its Applications

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Energy

The ability of a system to do work or produce heat

Efficiency

The comparison of the amount of energy or product produced to the amount of energy or product put in

Chemical Potential Energy

The energy available for release in chemical bonds

Kinetic Energy

The energy of motion

Gravitational Potential Energy

The energy stored in an object due to its position

Potential Energy

The energy that an object has because of its position relative within a force field or because of the relative positions of its components

Thermal Energy

The internal energy of a system, including the kinetic and potential energy of its particles

Electric Potential Energy

The potential energy per unit of charge that an object would have at a point in space as the result of the object's charge and the charges of other objects at other points in space

Conservation of Energy

The principle stating that energy is neither created nor destroyed in an ordinary chemical or physical process (also known as the first law of thermodynamics)

Mechanical Energy

The sum of the potential energy and kinetic energy of an object; changes when work is done on the object

Energy Transfer

The transfer of energy from one object or material to another object or material

Isolated System

A system that does not exchange matter or energy with its surrounding environment

Open System

A system that exchanges matter and energy with its surrounding environment

Photon

An elementary particle that is the smallest possible amount of light and all other forms of electromagnetic radiation that can interact with anything

Microscopic Energy

Energy found at the atomic and molecular level.

Electrical Energy

Energy produced as a result of moving electric charges

Elastic Potential Energy

Energy stored as a result of deformation of an elastic object

Chemical Energy

Energy stored in chemical bonds; can be released in a chemical reaction

Sound Energy

A form of energy that is made by vibrations traveling as waves and requires a medium (air, water, or solids) in order to travel

System

A group of interacting, interrelated, or interdependent elements forming a complex whole

Combustion Reaction

A reaction that is an oxidation process in which a compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and sometimes oxygen reacts with oxygen gas to produce carbon dioxide gas and water; the general equations are Cx Hy Oz + O2 CO2 + H2O or Cx Hy + O2 CO2 + H2O.

Energy Conversion

Changing from one form of energy to another

Radiant Energy

Electromagnetic waves given off by a source into the surrounding environment

Light Energy

Energy carried by an electromagnetic wave as it travels through space


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