Chapter 21 Lymphatic (all answers)

63) Which is not correct regarding the spleen? a) It has an outer cortex and inner medulla. b) It is divided into sections by capsular extensions called trabeculae. c) Its white pulp contains T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, and macrophages. d) Its blood is supplied by the splenic artery and drained by the splenic vein.

a) It has an outer cortex and inner medulla.

61) In which abdominal quadrant is the spleen located? a) Left upper quadrant b) Right upper quadrant c) Left lower quadrant d) Right lower quadrant

a) Left upper quadrant

69) This figure shows a lymph node and its components. What structure is indicated by number 4? a) Medullary cord b) Lymphatic nodule c) Hilum d) Trabecula e) Lymphatic sinusoid

a) Medullary cord

21) Which is not drained by the right lymphatic duct? a) Right side of abdomen b) Right side of thorax c) Right side of head and neck d) Right shoulder e) Right arm

a) Right side of abdomen

14) Like veins, lymphatic vessels rely on skeletal muscle and respiratory pumps to help propel fluid through them. a) True b) False

a) True

17) The pulsing of arteries that are adjacent to lymphatic vessels provides a pressure on the vessels that helps them propel the lymph. a) True b) False

a) True

28) Tonsils are secondary lymphatic structures. a) True b) False

a) True

30) The ossa coxae contain red marrow. a) True b) False

a) True

45) The appendix contains lymphatic nodules. a) True b) False

a) True

56) The cortex of a lymph node contains multiple lymphatic nodules. a) True b) False

a) True

60) One of the functions of the spleen is phagocytosis of bacteria in the blood. a) True b) False

a) True

70) One of the functions of the lymphatic system is to transport fat. a) True b) False

a) True

71) The walls of lymphatic capillaries are only one cell thick. a) True b) False

a) True

72) The germinal center of a lymphatic nodule contains proliferating B-lymphocytes and macrophages. a) True b) False

a) True

36) The thymus is at its maximum size a) at birth. b) at puberty. c) between 30 and 50 years of age. d) in old age.

a) at birth.

62) The hilum of the spleen is part of its a) concave anteromedial border. b) concave posterolateral border. c) convex anteromedial border. d) convex posterolateral border.

a) concave anteromedial border.

38) Lymphatic organs a) contain a complete capsule of dense irregular connective tissue. b) contain an incomplete capsule of dense irregular connective tissue. c) lack a connective tissue capsule.

a) contain a complete capsule of dense irregular connective tissue.

46) Tonsils have multiple invaginated outer edges called _______ that help trap material. a) crypts b) trabeculae c) sinuses d) clefts e) fissures

a) crypts

53) Lymph nodes a) filter lymph. b) contain a dense network of collagen fibers. c) serve as auxiliary exchange surfaces for respiratory gases. d) produce red blood cells. e) serve as the main recycling centers for red blood cells and their parts.

a) filter lymph.

68) This figure shows a lymph node and its components. The region indicated by number 1 is a a) germinal center. b) mantle zone. c) cortical sinus. d) medullary cord. e) medullary sinus.

a) germinal center.

10) The lymphatic system's two main functions are to assist in a) immunity and fluid balance. b) blood cell production and endocrine function. c) endocrine function and neural support. d) neural support and blood sugar control. e) removal of fats from the blood and inflammatory responses.

a) immunity and fluid balance.

43) Another name for a lymphatic follicle is a a) lymphatic nodule. b) white pulp. c) lymph node medulla. d) thymic lobule.

a) lymphatic nodule.

13) Because lymphatic vessels have three tunics (intima, media, and externa) and valves, they structurally resemble a) veins. b) arterioles. c) capillaries. d) arteries.

a) veins.

2) Lymph contains protein. a. True b. False

a. True

35) The thymus contains ______ lobes and is located _______. a) 2; anterior to the laryngeal prominence (Adam's apple) b) 2; in the mediastinum c) 4; anterior to the laryngeal prominence (Adam's apple) d) 4; in the mediastinum

b) 2; in the mediastinum

66) This figure shows the lymphatic system. Which number indicates the inguinal lymph nodes? a) 1 b) 4 c) 5 d) 9 e) 10

b) 4

50) Lymph nodes may be found individually, or clustered in specific regions of the body. Which cluster of lymph nodes receives lymph from the head and neck? a) Inguinal lymph nodes b) Cervical lymph nodes c) Thoracic lymph nodes d) Axillary lymph nodes e) Abdominal lymph nodes

b) Cervical lymph nodes

16) The walls of the smallest lymphatic vessels contain muscle tissue that rhythmically propels lymph through the system. a) True b) False

b) False

25) The spleen is considered a primary lymphatic structure. a) True b) False

b) False

3) Lymph contains red blood cells. a) True b) False

b) False

4) The central nervous system contains a dense network of lymphatic capillaries. a) True b) False

b) False

73) The thymus gland begins to atrophy immediately after birth. a) True b) False

b) False

74) The spleen is essentially a giant lymph node, because it is encapsulated, has trabeculae, and filters lymph to remove antigens. a) True b) False

b) False

39) MALT is found in which layer of the wall of a hollow organ? a) Epithelial b) Lamina propria c) Muscularis externa d) Submucosa

b) Lamina propria

34) Which part of a thymic lobule contains mature lymphocytes? a) Cortex b) Medulla c) Capsule d) Trabecula

b) Medulla

40) With respect to the lymphatic system, what do the letters in the acronym MALT stand for? a) Membrane-adhering lymphatic T-cells b) Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue c) Multiple-antigen lymphocyte target d) Multiple-antibody lymphocyte test

b) Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue

24) Which would be the route taken by lymph traveling from lymphatic vessels in the right leg to the bloodstream? a) Right lumbar trunk - cisterna chyli - thoracic duct - right subclavian vein b) Right lumbar trunk - cisterna chyli - thoracic duct - left subclavian vein c) Right lumbar trunk - right intestinal trunk - right lymphatic duct - right subclavian vein d) Right femoral trunk - right lumbar trunk - right lymphatic duct - superior vena cava e) Right femoral trunk - cisterna chyli - thoracic duct - left subclavian vein

b) Right lumbar trunk - cisterna chyli - thoracic duct - left subclavian vein

54) When women with breast cancer undergo surgery to remove the tumor or the entire breast, the axillary lymph nodes are often removed as well. Why? a) In removing the breast, the blood supply to the nodes is removed and they will inevitably cease to function. b) The axillary lymph nodes receive lymph from the breast and may contain cancer cells. c) The nerves that supply the axillary lymph nodes are often cut during the breast surgery. d) It is impossible to remove the breast without physically damaging the lymph nodes. e) With the removal of the breast, there is no further need for lymph drainage and filtering in that part of the body.

b) The axillary lymph nodes receive lymph from the breast and may contain cancer cells.

49) The pharyngeal tonsils are located a) along the posterior margins of the tongue. b) in the posterior wall of the nasopharynx. c) at the base of the palatoglossal arches. d) in the posterolateral region of the oral cavity. e) lateral to the uvula in the oropharynx.

b) in the posterior wall of the nasopharynx.

7) A lymphatic capillary that picks up dietary lipids in the small intestine is called a(n) a) cisterna chyli. b) lacteal. c) afferent lymphatic vessel. d) trabeculum. e) efferent lymphatic vessel.

b) lacteal.

44) Lymphatic nodules consist of: a) central arteries and monocytes. b) lymphatic cells, extracellular matrix, and an incomplete connective tissue capsule. c) crypts, trabeculae, and Reed-Sternberg cells. d) afferent vessels, efferent vessels, a cortex, and medulla. e) a hilum that is located intermediate to two lobules.

b) lymphatic cells, extracellular matrix, and an incomplete connective tissue capsule

55) Typically, a hilum of a lymph node contains a) one afferent lymphatic vessel. b) one efferent lymphatic vessel. c) numerous afferent vessels. d) numerous efferent vessels.

b) one efferent lymphatic vessel.

5) Lymphatic capillaries a) cannot be discerned structurally from cardiovascular system capillaries. b) originate as closed-ended tubes associated with blood capillary networks. c) filter lymph. d) concentrate lymph prior to passing it to larger lymphatic vessels. e) include layers of smooth muscle for peristalsis.

b) originate as closed-ended tubes associated with blood capillary networks.

23) The thoracic duct and the right lymphatic duct empty lymph into the a) superior vena cava. b) subclavian veins. c) inferior vena cava. d) azygos vein. e) brachiocephalic veins.

b) subclavian veins.

18) Of the lymphatic trunks, which ones drain lymph from deep thoracic structures? a) Jugular trunks b) Subclavian trunks c) Bronchomediastinal trunks d) Intestinal trunks e) Lumbar trunks

c) Bronchomediastinal trunks

59) Which is not a function of the spleen? a) Serves as a platelet reservoir b) Filters blood c) Filters lymph d) Recycles aged erythrocytes e) Houses lymphocytes

c) Filters lymph

20) Which of the lymphatic trunks drain into the cisterna chyli? a) Intestinal trunks b) Lumbar trunks c) Intestinal trunks and lumbar trunks d) Subclavian trunks and jugular trunks e) Bronchomediastinal trunks and intestinal trunks

c) Intestinal trunks and lumbar trunks

37) The thymus contains lymphatic cells as well as secretory _________ tissue. a) muscle b) neural c) epithelial d) osseous e) areolar

c) epithelial

48) The main function of tonsils is to detect and protect against infections agents that are a) in the blood. b) in the lymph. c) ingested or inhaled. d) secreted by salivary glands.

c) ingested or inhaled.

15) Fluid collected in lacteals will be carried in __________ trunks. a) bronchomediastinal b) lumbar c) intestinal d) thoracic

c) intestinal

57) The term "swollen glands" is usually meant to refer to lymph nodes in which a) the valves of afferent vessels are bulging. b) macrophages are clogging afferent lymphatic vessels. c) lymphocytes are proliferating in germinal centers. d) phagocytes are consuming the infected lymph nodes. e) macrophages are entering at the hilum.

c) lymphocytes are proliferating in germinal centers.

22) The thoracic duct collects lymph from all of the following except the a) abdomen. b) left leg. c) right arm. d) right foot. e) left shoulder.

c) right arm.

29) Red marrow is found within a) the large cavities contained within the shafts of long bone. b) compact bone canals. c) spaces within spongy bone. d) all osseous tissue of the appendicular skeleton.

c) spaces within spongy bone.

27) The term "primary lymphatic structure" applies a) only to red bone marrow. b) to the spleen and lymph nodes. c) to the red bone marrow and thymus. d) only to lymph nodes. e) to lymph nodes and MALT.

c) to the red bone marrow and thymus.

19) Subclavian trunks drain lymph from the a) deep thoracic structures. b) head and neck. c) upper limbs, breasts, and superficial thorax. d) abdominopelvic wall.

c) upper limbs, breasts, and superficial thorax.

33) B-lymphocytes are a) antibody-producing red blood cells. b) platelets that are generated in the thymus. c) white blood cells that are generated in red bone marrow. d) immune system cells that are generated in the tonsils. e) blood cells found only in people with type B blood.

c) white blood cells that are generated in red bone marrow.

1) Which fluid does lymph most closely resemble? a. Whole blood b. Blood plasma c. Interstitial fluid d. Intracellular fluid

c. Interstitial fluid

52) Which is not correct regarding lymph nodes? a) They are covered by a connective tissue capsule. b) They contain a network of lymphatic sinuses. c) Each node has an outer cortex and inner medulla. d) Connective tissue bands called tendineae divide nodes. e) Lymphatic nodules produce lymphocytes.

d) Connective tissue bands called tendineae divide nodes.

65) Which is not correct regarding the white pulp of the spleen? a) Its cells include T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, and macrophages. b) Its cells are arranged in clusters that are circular in shape. c) It contains a central artery. d) It serves as a blood reservoir.

d) It serves as a blood reservoir.

58) Which lymphatic organ contains red pulp and white pulp? a) Thymus gland and lymph nodes b) Spleen and lymph nodes c) Lymph nodes d) Spleen e) Thymus gland

d) Spleen

67) This figure shows the lymphatic system. What structure does number 8 indicate? a) Lymphatic nodule b) Thymus gland c) Cisterna chyli d) Spleen e) Adenoid

d) Spleen

32) Where do T-lymphocytes mature? a) Spleen b) White bone marrow c) Tonsils d) Thymus gland e) Thyroid gland

d) Thymus gland

12) Lymphatic capillaries a) are open at both ends. b) are smaller in diameter than blood capillaries. c) are like continuous capillaries in that they have many tight junctions. d) lack a basement membrane. e) are abundant in epithelial tissues.

d) lack a basement membrane.

26) Although they are not a site of lymphocyte formation, _________ lymphatic structures provide sites where immune responses are initiated. a) hemopoietic b) primary c) red marrow d) secondary

d) secondary

42) Regions of MALT called Peyer patches are found in the a) urinary bladder. b) stomach. c) vagina. d) small intestine. e) trachea.

d) small intestine.

9) The path that fluid takes as it enters a lymphatic capillary is through a) pores (fenestrations) in the cells of the capillary wall. b) cell membrane leakage channels that allow diffusion. c) vesicles that move the fluid across the cell (transcytosis). d) spaces between capillary endothelial cells that are arranged as one-way flaps. e) active transport protein pumps on endothelial cell membranes.

d) spaces between capillary endothelial cells that are arranged as one-way flaps.

64) Within the red pulp of the spleen are enlarged capillaries called _________, which have a discontinuous basal lamina that allows blood cells to enter and exit easily. a) splenic cords b) trabecular vessels c) splenic vessels d) splenic sinusoids e) trabecular cords

d) splenic sinusoids

6) Lymphatic capillaries originate in the a) peripheral nervous system ganglia. b) red bone marrow. c) yellow bone marrow. d) tissue spaces between cells. e) cisterna chyli.

d) tissue spaces between cells.

11) Lymph is transported through a network of increasingly larger lymphatic passageways. What is the correct order of these, from smallest diameter to largest diameter? a) Capillaries - ducts - trunks - vessels b) Ducts - capillaries - vessels - trunks c) Vessels - capillaries - trunks - ducts d) Ducts - vessels - capillaries - trunks e) Capillaries - vessels - trunks - ducts

e) Capillaries - vessels - trunks - ducts

31) Which of the following does not contain red marrow? a) Ribs b) Sternum c) Flat bones of the skull d) Vertebrae e) Long bones of digits

e) Long bones of digits

51) Which is not correct regarding lymph nodes? a) They contain strands of lymphatic cells supported by medullary cords. b) They are drained by efferent lymphatic vessels. c) They contain macrophages. d) They filter lymph. e) No exceptions; all are true of lymph nodes.

e) No exceptions; all are true of lymph nodes.

41) Which area does not contain MALT? a) Urinary tract b) Respiratory tract c) Genital tract d) Gastrointestinal tract e) No exceptions; all choices contain MALT

e) No exceptions; all choices contain MALT

47) Which are not tonsils? a) Adenoids b) Palatine tonsils c) Pharyngeal tonsils d) Lingual tonsils e) Palatoglossal tonsils

e) Palatoglossal tonsils

8) The force that drives fluid into lymphatic capillaries is a) osmosis. b) diffusion of both water and solutes. c) endocytosis. d) exocytosis. e) hydrostatic pressure.

e) hydrostatic pressure.