Chapter 24 Urinary System-practice test

The efferent arteriole of a nephron divides to form a network of capillaries within the cortex called the ______ capillaries

peritubular

The efferent arteriole of a nephron divides to form a network of capillaries within the cortex called the ________ capillaries.

peritubular

Each of the following is a normal constituent of urine except

proteins

The renal sinus is

an internal cavity lined by the fibrous capsule

The DCT secretes hydrogen ions in exchange for sodium ions by the process of

countertransport

n French, it's "faire de pipi," in Spanish, it's "hacer pipí," in English, it's "I have to pee." What's the medical term for this universal urge to pass urine?

micturition

The functional unit of the kidney is the

nephron

the function unit of the kidney is the

nephron

Countercurrent multiplication takes place in the

nephron loop

Tubular reabsorption involves all of the following except

phagocytosis

The filtrate first passes from the glomerular capsule to the

proximal convoluted tubule

An X-ray image of the urinary system is called a

pyelogram

Which of the tubules is impermeable to water?

ascending limb of the nephron loop

The ability to form concentrated urine depends on the functions of

both the distal convoluted tubule and the collecting duct

All of the following are true of the kidneys except that they are

located partly within the pelvic cavity

The left kidney lies ______ to the right kidney

slightly superior

Auto regulation of the rate of glomerular filtration has which of the following properties?

All are correct

Substances secreted by the distal convoluted tubule include

All are correct

The mechanism for producing concentrated urine involves

All are correct

The position of the kidneys int he abdominal cavity is stabilized by

All are correct

Substances larger than _____ do not pass through the filtration membrane.

albumin

substances larger than ________ do not pass through filtration membrane

albumin

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term nephron loop?

all are correct

Which of the following is characterized as a slowly progressing disease that is irreversible?

chronic renal failure

Urine passes, in the order given, through which of the following structures?

collecting duct, renal pelvis, ureter,bladder,urethra

The detrusor muscle

compresses the urinary bladder and expels urine through the urethra.

The condition called _____ is characterized by painful or difficult uriniation. This condition can be due to pathologic or benign causes

dysuria

The filtration membrane in the renal corpuscle consists of what three layers?

endothelium of glomerulus, dense layer of glomerulus, and podocyte filtration slits

Under normal conditions, glomerular filtration depends on three main pressures. Which of those pressures is a pressure that favors the filtration pressure?

glomerular hydrostatic pressure

_______ nephrons are essential to water conservation and the production of concentrated urine

juxameduallary

Nephrons located close to the medulla with long nephron loops are called

juxtamedullary nephrons

Major calyces are

large tributaries of the renal pelvis

The U shaped segment of the nephron is the

nephron loop

Regarding kidney function, in ________, solutes are transported from the peritubular fluid across the tubular epithelium into the tubular fluid.

secretion

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term "renal papilla"?

tip of the medullary pyramid

The inability to urinate is termed

urinary retentioin

The ureters and urinary bladder are lined by ______

transitional epithelium

The area of the urinary bladder bounded by the openings of the two ureters and the urethra is called the

trigone

the area of the urinary bladder bounded by the openings of the two ureters and the urethra is called the

trigone

Urine is eliminated from the body through the

urethra

Urine is temp stored in the

urinary bladder

A healthy adult typically produces ________ of urine per day

1200 mL

The most abundant waste solute in urine is

urea

In response to increased levels of aldosterone, the kidneys produce

urine with a lower concentration of sodium ions

The ______ is a capillary plexus that parallels the nephron loop.

vasa recta

Regarding kidney function, in reabsorption:

water and solutes are transported from the tubular fluid, across the tubular, epithelium, and into the peritubular fluid

Approximately ______ liters of glomerular filtrate enters the glomerular capsules each day

180

Typical renal blood flow is about ________ percent of cardiac output under resting conditions.

25

As the filtrate passes through the renal tubules, approximately what percentage is reabsorbed and returned to the circulation?

99

What percentage of nutrients is reabsorbed in the PCT?

99

True or false. The micturition reflex is controlled by the parasympathetic nervous system

True

All of the following structures can be found in the components of the urinary tract except

a calyx

A glomerulus is

a knot of capillaries within the renal corpuscle

The portion of the nephron that empties into the collecting duct is the

distal convoluted tubule

Blood leaves the glomerulus through a blood vessel called the

efferent arteriole

The amount of filtrate produced by the kidneys each minute is called the

glomerular filtration

The process of filtration occurs at the

glomerulus

The glomerular capsule and the glomerulus make up the

renal corpuscule

The inability of the kidneys to excrete adequately to maintain homeostasis is

renal failure

If you have to urinate, but have to "hold it" until you can find a bathroom, what structure are you "holding it" with?

the external urethral sphincter

Which of the following formulas will allow you to calculate the net filtration pressure (FP)? (Hint: GHP = glomerular hydrostatic pressure, BCOP = blood colloidal osmotic pressure, CsHP = capsular hydrostatic pressure.)

FP = GHP - (CsHP + BCOP)

A patient excretes a large volume of very dilute urine on a continuing basis. This is may be due to

absence of ADH

________ is/are an immediately life-threatening condition. However, if an individual survives the incident, full recovery is often possible.

acute renal failure

The ability to form concentrated urine depends on the functions of

both the distal convoluted tubule and the collecting duct.

85% of nephrons in the human kidney are located in the __________ and have short nephron loops.

cortex

Peristaltic contractions, beginning at the renal pelvis, sweep along the ureter, forcing urine toward the urinary bladder. In a normal, healthy person, how often do these contractions occur?

every 30 seconds or so

Which is NOT a function of the urinary system?

excretes excess albumin molecules

The outermost layer of the kidney is the

fibrous capsule

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term calyx?

final urine enters here

The structure known as the juxtaglomerular apparatus is located near the proximal convoluted tubule.

glomerulus

At which point is the osmotic concentration of filtrate highest?

in the transition point between the descending and ascending limbs of the nephron loop

One mechanism the kidney uses to raise systemic blood pressure is to

increase secretion of renin by the juxtaglomerular complex

Increased sympathetic tone can do all of the following except

increase the glomerular filtration rate

antidiuretic hormone

increases the permeability of the collecting ducts to water

The _____ delivers urine to a minor calyx.

papillary duct

The expanded beginning of the ureter connects to the

renal pelvis

Which of the following is greater?

the concentration of solute in the filtrate at the bottom of the nephron loop

Urine is carried to the urinary bladder by

the ureters