Chapter 25

True or False? Although an individual may continually drink water throughout an exercise bout, less than 50% of fluid lost will be replenished. A) True B) False

A) True

True or False? Altitude mountain sickness is a disorder related to hypoxia. A) True B) False

A) True

True or False? Altitude sickness is a disorder related to hypoxia at high altitudes. A) True B) False

A) True

True or False? Carbon monoxide interferes with the ability of hemoglobin to transport oxygen to the cellular level. Question 6 options: A) True B) False

A) True

True or False? If the time from a lightning flash to thunder is within 30 seconds, all outdoor activity should end and participants should seek shelter. A) True B) False

A) True

True or False? Individuals who reside in regions with high ozone levels may become desensitized to the irritating effects of ozone after repeated exposures. A) True B) False

A) True

True or False? Lack of acclimatization, use of diuretics, and sodium depletion in the normal diet can lead to heat cramps. A) True B) False

A) True

True or False? Miliaria rubra usually occurs in the axilla and groin areas. A) True B) False

A) True

True or False? Shivering during hypothermia usually starts when core temperature drops below 90°F. A) True B) False

A) True

True or False? Tachypnea and dyspnea on exertion are characteristics of high-altitude pulmonary edema. A) True B) False

A) True

True or False? Women begin to sweat at higher skin and core temperatures, produce less sweat than men at comparable heat-exercise loads, and show a heat tolerance equivalent to that of men. A) True B) False

A) True

True or False? A diet lacking in carbohydrates and protein can increase the risk of cold injuries. A) True B) False

B) False

For every pound of water lost during exercises, _____ of fluid should be ingested. A) 6 oz NOT A B) 13 oz NOT B C) 10 oz NOT C D) 24 oz

D) 24 oz

Altitude has the most effect on athletes who participate in which of the following sports? A) football NOT A B) soccer NOT B C) tennis D) cross country

D) cross country

During a weather storm, if the lightning to thunder time is within ____, all outdoor activities should end. A) 30 seconds B) 60 seconds C) 90 seconds D) 2 minutes

A) 30 seconds

A Lichtenburg Figure is transient and fades after 24 hours. A) True B) False

A) True

True or False? Acclimatization is the single most important factor in preventing the onset of heat illness and altitude sickness. A) True B) False

A) True

Which of the following statements is false? A) Women can tolerate the physiologic and thermal stress of exercise as well as men. B) Women sweat more than men. C) Men acclimate to heat at a significantly faster rate than women. D) Women rely more on circulatory mechanisms for heat dissipation whereas men rely on evaporative cooling.

A) Women can tolerate the physiologic and thermal stress of exercise as well as men.

Large differences in recorded temperatures in dry-bulb and wet-bulb readings indicate A) a high rate of evaporation and low humidity B) a high temperature C) a low rate of evaporation and low humidity D) a low temperature

A) a high rate of evaporation and low humidity

Which of the following measures would help prevent the onset of hyperthermia? A) acclimate to the environment B) eat high carbohydrate foods C) ingest a cola soda pop prior to exercising D) ingest water only after exercise is completed

A) acclimate to the environment

The single most important factor to prevent altitude sickness is A) acclimatization B) arrive two days before competition C) eat a diet high in protein and salt D) inhale oxygen prior to competition

A) acclimatization

Each of the following is a sign of heat cramps except A) elevated body temperature B) normal pulse and respiration C) thirst D) moist and cool skin

A) elevated body temperature

Frostbite that involves the skin and underlying tissues, but the deep tissues are soft and pliabl is considered A) grade 1 B) grade 2 C) grade 3 D) Raynaud's syndrome

A) grade 1

The ________ maintains homeostasis within the body. A) hypothalamus gland B) thalamus gland C) medulla oblongata D) diencephalon

A) hypothalamus gland

The primary objective of fluid replacement when exercising in hot weather is A) to maintain plasma volume B) to satisfy thirst C) to maintain electrolyte balance D) to decrease peripheral blood flow

A) to maintain plasma volume

Raynaud's syndrome is most common in A) young females B) young males C) older females D) older males

A) young females

True or False? Diets high in protein and salt can lessen the effects of altitude. Question 1 options: A) True B) False

B) False

True or False? Electrolyte depletion poses more serious problems to the body than fluid depletion. A) True B) False

B) False

True or False? Frostbite occurs when the core temperature remains relatively constant but the shell temperature increases. A) True B) False

B) False

True or False? In superficial frostbite, the skin feels hard. A) True B) False

B) False

True or False? In treating any frostbite injuries, the body parts should be rewarmed in water heated between 104 and 108° for 30 to 45 minutes. A) True B) False

B) False

True or False? Liquids at room temperature will empty from the stomach and small intestines significantly faster than cold liquids. A) True B) False

B) False

True or False? Sweat production by itself results in heat loss from the skin. A) True B) False

B) False

True or False? The body structure that regulates body temperature is the thyroid gland. A) True B) False

B) False

True or False? The most common condition associated with lightning strike is cardiac asystole. A) True B) False

B) False

True or False? Thirst is an accurate indicator of water needs during exercise. A) True B) False

B) False

True or False? Treatment of heat cramps includes active stretching of the affected muscle(s). A) True B) False

B) False

True or False? When the body is at rest and the air temperature is below 87°F, about two-thirds of the body's normal heat loss results from radiation. A) True B) False

B) False

True or False? When the ozone level is moderate, individuals with respiratory conditions should stay indoors. A) True B) False

B) False

The wind-chill index is associated with which of the following types of heat loss? A) radiation NOT A B) convection C) evaporation D) conduction

B) convection

An athlete exhibits signs of disorientation, shallow breathing, hot, dry, reddish skin, and rapid, strong pulse. These characteristics suggest A) heat exhaustion NOT A B) heat stroke C) hypothermia D) dehydration

B) heat stroke

Which of the following statements is true? During exercise in the heat, A) it is advisable to change into a dry shirt to allow for more effective evaporative heat loss. NOT A B) light-colored, lightweight porous clothing is preferred. C) the ideal material for participation is 100% lightweight cotton. D) dark, heavy weight non-porous material is preferred.

B) light-colored, lightweight porous clothing is preferred.

Risk factors for developing high-altitude illness include each of the following EXCEPT A) rate of ascent NOT A B) the ambient temperature C) altitude reached D) individual susceptibility

B) the ambient temperature

Which of the following is not an electrolyte? A) potassium NOT A B) thiamin C) chloride D) magnesium

B) thiamin

Shivering decreases and is replaced by muscular rigidity with jerky erratic movements at A) 78-80° F NOT A B) 81-85° F NOT B C) 86-90° F D) 91-98° F

C) 86-90° F

Total sweat vaporized from the skin depends upon I) skin surface exposed to the environment II) conduction of air around the body III) radiation gradient IV) convection of air currents around the body V) temperature and relative humidity of ambient air A) II and III NOT A B) I, V NOT B C) I, IV, and V D) II, IV, and V

C) I, IV, and V

The air pollutant that interferes with the ability of the hemoglobin to transport oxygen to the cellular level is A) sulfur oxide NOT A B) nitrogen oxide NOT B C) carbon monoxide D) ozone

C) carbon monoxide

Tissue damage from frostbite depends upon the depth of cold penetration resulting from each of the following EXCEPT A) duration of exposure NOT A B) temperature NOT B C) degree of humidity D) wind velocity

C) degree of humidity

The most critical factor in determining morbidity and mortality associated with a lightning strike is A) cardiac asytole NOT A B) length of unconsciousness NOT B C) duration of apnea D) the type of mechanism

C) duration of apnea

A wet bulb globe temperature of 73-82 degrees Fahrenheit suggests a ________ level of risk. A) low NOT A B) moderate NOT B C) high D) extreme

C) high

The use of a electrolyte solution during exercise A) is strongly encouraged for children NOT A B) should have a range between 8 to 12% of multiple transportable carbohydrate. NOT B C) is unnecessary for individuals with normal diets D) is strongly encouraged for individuals with normal diets

C) is unnecessary for individuals with normal diets

Headache, confusion, nausea, cramping, bloated stomach, altered consciousness, significant mental compromise, swelling in the extremities are signs and symptoms of A) heat exhaustion NOT A B) heat stroke NOT B C) heat syncope D) exertional hypoatremia

C,D

The process of acclimating to the heat is complete after _____ days of moderate exercise during hot weather. A) 2-3 NOT A B) 3-5 NOT B C) 7-10 NOT C D) 10 -14

D) 10 -14

Impairments in performance are noted when an athlete loses: A) 5 pounds NOT A B) 3 pounds NOT B C) 1-2% of body weight NOT C D) 2-3% of body weight

D) 2-3% of body weight

In assessing urine to determine an individual's hydration status, which of the following would suggest inadequate hydration? A) light colored urine of normal volume NOT A B) light colored urine of above normal volume NOT B C) dark yellow urine of normal volume NOT C D) dark yellow urine of small volume and strong odor

D) dark yellow urine of small volume and strong odor

Athletes who have had diarrhea should be closely watched for possible A) hypertension NOT A B) shock NOT B C) hyperhydration NOT C D) dehydration

D) dehydration

Most internal heat is generated during ________. A) cardiovascular output NOT A B) metabolism NOT B C) neurovascular stimulation NOT C D) muscular activity

D) muscular activity

The best way to avoid heat illness is to A) overhydrate NOT A B) wear light-colored clothing NOT B C) wear cotton-based clothing NOT C D) practice acclimatization

D) practice acclimatization