Chapter 27-29

A person with acute pyelonephritis would most typically experience a. fever. b. oliguria c. edema d. hypertension

a

Patients with acute renal failure commonly develop metabolic acidosis because of impaired kidney secretion of H+ a. true b. false

a

The infection frequently associated with development of postinfectious acute glomerulonephritis is a. throat infection b. pneumonia c. endocarditis d. urinary tract infection

a

The most common cause of intrinsic kidney injury is ___ injury a. tubular b. glomular c. interstitial d. vascular

a

The oliguric phase of acute tubular necrosis is characterized by... a. rapidly developing uremia b. polyuria and nocturia c. inability to concentrate urine d. enhanced glomerular filtration

a

The primary cause of stress incontinence is.. a. pelvic muscle weakness b. neurologic conditions c. aging d. detrusor muscle overactivity

a

Which of the following findings should prompt an evaluation for renal cancer? a. painless hematuria b. bacteria and protein in the urine c. white blood cell casts in the urine d. intermittent urinary colic

a

end stage renal disease, would like have all of the following except a. excessive active VitD b. hypertension c. metabolic acidosis d. elevated PTH

a

match the following cause by supersaturated urine... autosomal recessive kidney cancer... steroids and plasmapheresis are the best treatment options... resulting in acute tubular necrosis (ATN)

... renal calculi (nephrolithiasis) ... nephroblastoma (wilms tumor) ... acute glomerulonephritis ... acute kidney injury

At his most recent clinic visit, a patient with end-stage renal disease is noted to have edema, congestive signs in the pulmonary system, and a pericardial friction rub. Appropriate therapy at this time would include a. fluid restriction b. antibiotics c. phlebotomy d. initiation of dialysis

d

In addition to renal colic pain, signs or symptoms of ureteral stones may frequently include a. postrenal renal failure b. urinary urgency c. proteinuria d. hematuria

d

The best indicator of renal function... a. number of RBC in urine b. urine osmolarity c. protein level in urine d. glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

d

The consequence of an upper urinary tract obstruction in a single ureter is a. dilation of the urethra b. anuria c. kidney stone formation d. hydronephrosis

d

The nephrotic syndrome involves the loss of large amounts of____ in the urine a. sodium b. blood c. glucose d. protein

d

activation of parasympathetic nerves to the bladder will cause a. has no effect on bladder b. bladder relaxation c. sphincter relaxation d. bladder contraction

d

appropriate therapy for prerenal oliguria includes.. a. protein restriction b. fluid restriction c. potassium supplementation d. fluid administration

d

hyperlipidemia occurs in nephrotic syndrome because a. muscles stop burning triglycerides for energy b. lipids are not excreted in the urine c. body fats are catabolized d. hepatocytes synthesize excessive lipids

d

polycystic kidney disease is a. due to a streptococcal infection b. associated with ischemic kideny c. always rapidly fatal d. genetically transmitted

d

The organism most commonly associated with acute pyelonephritis is a. enterobacter b. kelbsiella c. E.coli d. streptococcus

c

The pathophysiologic basis of acute glomerulonephritis is a. bacterial invasion of the glomerulus b. renal ischemia c. an immune complex reaction d. an anaphylactic reaction

c

A person who is diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome is also experiencing hypoalbuminemia. This happens because a. albumin leaks into the interstitial spaces b. albumin is excreted in the urine c. malnutrition is part of nephrotic syndrome d. hepatocyte failure decreased albumin synthesis

b

Activation of sympathetic neurons in the bladder sphincter causes it to relax a. true b. false

b

Most helpful lab value in monitoring the progression of declining renal function a. serum pH b. serum creatinine c. serum potassium d. mental status change

b

The major cause of glomerulonephritis is a. infection of the glomerular capsule secondary to a urinary tract infection. b. immune system damage to the glomeruli. c. hydronephrosis resulting from kidney stones. d. Streptococcus infection that migrates from the bloodstream to the glomerulus.

b

The most likely cause of anemia in a patient with end-stage renal disease is____ a. vit b12 deficiency b. insufficient erythropoietin c. iron deficiency d. blood loss secondary to hematuria

b

Urinary retention with consistent or intermittent dribbling of urine is called a. stress incontinence b. overflow incontinence c. enuresis d. mixed incontinence

b

end-stage renal disease, would have ___ nephron loss a. more than 70% b. more than 90% c. more than 25% d. more than 50%

b

one of the most common causes of acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is a. immune reaction b. ischemic condition c. prolonged postrenal kidney injury d. cytotoxic agent

b

one of the most frequent causes of chronic kidney diseases is a. chronic pyelonephritis b. hypertension c. polycystic kidney disease d. glomerulonephritis

b

A major of modifiable risk factors for nephrolithiasis is a. drinking alcohol b. positive family history c. dehydration d. smoking

c

Osteodystrophy commonly occurs in patients with end-stage renal disease because of a. phosphate deficiency b. hypercalcemia c. insufficient active Vit D d. hypoparathyroidism

c

Renal artery stenosis and hypertension may contribute to renal failure by causing.. a. renal inflammation b. nephrosis c. renal ischemia d. hydronephrosis

c

The condition characterized by oliguria and hematuria is... a. renal insufficiency b. cystitis c. acute glomerulonephritis d. polycystic kidney disease

c

The major underlying factor leading to the edema associated with glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome is a. hematuria b. bacteriuria c. proteinuria d. glycosuria

c

The most common agent resulting in nephrotoxicity and subsequent acute tubular necrosis (ATN) in hospitalized patients is.. a. cancer chemotherapy b. antibiotics c. contrast media d. recreational drugs

c

The nephrotic syndrome does NOT usually cause a. proteinuria b. generalized edema c. hematuria d. hyperlipidemia

c