Chapter 3- Classification and Measures of Strength and Positive Outcomes, POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY - CHAP 3, CH.3 Classifications and Measures of Strengths and Positive Outcomes
Strength is defined as the...
Capacity for feeling, thinking, and behaving in a way that allows optimal functioning in the pursuit of valued outcomes
justice
Citizenship Fairness Leadership
humanity
love kindness social intelligence
The VIA Classification of Strength - Christopher Peterson
strength based approach to diagnosis and treatment ( treatment manuals focused on enhancing strengths may one day accompany the diagnostic manual)
The Search Institute's Developmental Assets was designed to answer...
"What protects children from today's problems?"
Gallup's Clifton StrengthsFinder asks the question...
"What would happen if we studied what was right with people?"
futuristic
( peer over the horizon)
Strategic
( sort through clutter, and find the best route)
ideation
(Fascinated with ideas)
Arranger
(Organizer; conductor)
Maximizer
(excellence NOT average)
Donald Clifton
- Based his analysis of success on a simple question: What would happen if we studied what is right with ppl?
Three models of the classifications of strength...
1) Gallup Themes of Talent 2) Values in Action Classification of Strengths 3)Search Institute's 40 Developmental Assests
What are the two classifications of illness accepted world-wide?
1) International Classifications of Diseases (ICD) 2) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)
Clifton Youth StrengthsExplorer measures...
10 Talent Themes for children and youth (10-14 years old)
How many languages does the Clifton StrengthsFinder have available?
17
The V.I.A Classification of Strengths measures...
24 Strengths that meet 10 criteria
The VIA Inventory of Strengths measures...
24 character strengths for adults
StrengthsFinder 2.0 measures...
34 Talent Themes for adolescents and adults
The Search Institute Profiles of Student Life describes...
40 developmental assets, 8 thriving indicators, 5 developmental deficits, and 24 risk-taking behaviors
The V.I.A Classification of Strengths provides...
A common language for strengths
Describe Life Satisfaction
A sense of contentment and peace stemming from small gaps b.w wants and needs
Definition of Love/Agape
A spiritual love that reflects selflessness and altruism. Involves being concerned with the welfare of others and putting their needs over one's own needs
What are the Talent Themes for The Clifton Youth StrengthsExplorer?
Achieving, Caring, Competing, Confidence, Dependability, Discoverer, Future Thinker, Organizing, Presence, and Relating
Who is Karl Menninger?
American Psychiatrist - Helped build the world-renowned Menninger Clinic
Transcendence
Appreciation of beauty and excellence Gratitude Hope Humor Spirituality
The V.I.A Classification of Strengths was originally developed to...
Assess a positive youth development program as well as define the concept of strength
Karl Menninger is credited with...
Attempting to shift how healthcare professionals view mental illness
courage
Bravery Persistence Integrity Vitality
The International Classifications of Diseases (ICD) is...
Broad in scope and classifies all diseases (World Health Organization)
Karl Menninger attempted to...
Change the way health care viewed the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of mental illness
The Diagnostic & Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders...
Classifies only mental disorders (American Psychiatric Association)
Social well-being is...
Coherence, integration, actualization, contribution, and acceptance
Gallup's Clifton StrengthsFinder is...
Constructed empirically-based semi-structured interviews for identifying talents
Construct equivalence is a...
Culturally normative understanding of a particular construct
The VIA Inventory of Strengths was designed to...
Describe individual differences in character strengths on a continuum and not as distinct categories
Positive outcomes of play...
Develops social, emotional, and physical skills needed to make the most out of life
Strengths are...
Extensions of talent - Strength = talent + related knowledge + related skills (GCSF)
Temperance
Forgiveness and mercy Humility/Modesty Prudence Self-regulation
What are the dimensions of well-being?
Happiness, Life Satisfaction, Emotional Well-Being, Subjective Well-Being, Objective Approaches, Social Well-Being
A psychometrically sound model can...
Help individuals discover how to build upon their talents
Flourishing consists of...
High levels of emotional, psychological, and social well-being (Complete Mental Health)
Subjective well-being consists of...
Individuals' appraisals of their own lives that capture the essence of well-being
A psychometrically sound model...
Is not sensitive to change and should not be used as a pre-post measure of growth
Clifton StrengthsFinder do?
It helps ppl discover how to build their talents to develop strengths within their roles not valid for employee selection or mental health screening used to maximize their potential
The threefold structure of emotional wellbeing is comprised of...
Life satisfaction, positive affect, and the absence of negative affect
VIA Character Strengths
Love, Bravery, Hope, Social Intelligence, fairness
The three main positive outcomes are...
Love, School/Work, and Play
Languishing consists of...
Low levels of emotional, psychological, and social well-being (Incomplete Mental Health)
Positive outcomes of school and work...
Multicultural competence and more effective work relationships
According to GCSF, Talent is defined as...
Naturally recurring patterns of thought, feeling or behavior that can be productively applied
According to GCSF, Talent can be...
Operationalized, studied, and accentuated in work and academic settings
Emotional well-being consists of...
Perceptions of avowed happiness along with the balance of frequent/positive to infrequent/negative affects
20 external assets are the ....
Positive experience that children/Youth gain through interactions with ppl and institutions
3 frameworks and measures of strengths and their: 1. 2. 3. of these recently designed tools
Psychometric Properties Reliability Validity
The VIA Inventory of Strengths is...
Psychometrically sound
StrengthsFinder 2.0 is..
Psychometrically sound and available in 17 languages
The six virtues for the VIA Inventory of Strengths are...
Restraint, Intellectual Strengths, Interpersonal Strengths, Emotional Strengths, and Theological Strengths
The six components of positive functioning are...
Self-acceptance, personal growth, purpose in life, environmental mastery, autonomy, and positive relations with others
Karl Menninger proposed...
Single diagnostic system - life process vs. states or conditions
What is the Dimensions of Well-Being equation?
Subjective/Emotional Well-Being + Psychological Well-Being + Social Well-Being = Complete Portrayal of Mental Health
The Clifton Youth StrengthsExplorer...
Summarizes top three talent themes and comes with a workbook
The V.I.A Classification of Strengths is the antithesis of...
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)
Classifications and Measures of Strength
The Gallup Themes of Talent The Values in Action(VIA)Classification of Strengths The Search Institutes 40 Development Assets
Search Institute Profiles of Student life: Attitudes and Behaviors
The measure describes the respondents -40 Developmental Assets -8 thriving indicators -5 developmental deficits -24 risk taking behaviors. -Little info in the public domain about its psychometric properties
Metric equivalence states...
The metrics used in each study should be equivalent
Linguistic equivalence is a...
Translation of common phrases, idioms, and vocabulary
What are the six virtues for the V.I.A. Classification of Stengths?
Wisdom and knowledge, courage, humanity, justice, temperance, and transcendence (thought to emerge across cultures and throughout time)
2 classification of illness have attained worldwide acceptance 1 2
World health Organization (broader in scope, classifies all diseases) -->International Classification of Diseases (ICD) American Psychiatric Association ( Only mental disorders) ---> Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)
The classification of illness had...
a 2,000 year head start on the classifications of strengths
Happiness is not always....
a goal, manifested or defined similarly for ppl in different cultures.
The Gallup Themes of Talent
as measured by the Clifton Strengthsfinder and the Clifton Youth StrengthsExplorer
The Values in Action(VIA)Classification of Strengths
as measured by the adult and youth versions of the VIA inventory of Strengths
The Search Institutes 40 Development Assets
as measured by the search institute profiles of student life: attitudes/behaviors
Strength
capacity for feeling, thinking, behaving in away that allows optimal functioning in the pursuit of values outcomes.
wisdom and knowledge
creativity Curiosity Open-mindedness Love of learning Perspective
Define Subjective Well-being
emotional well-being and happiness (such a the emotional model posted by DIENER, suggests that ppl appraisals of their own lives capture the essence of well-being
Reliability
extend to which a scale is consistent or stable
Donald Clifton views strengths as
extensions of talent
Validity
extent to which a scale measures what it is purports to measure
Themes of talent (5 most dominant)
futuristic Maximizer Arranger ideation Strategic
____ and ____ are components of emotional well-being
happiness and life satisfaction
Psychometric Properties
measurement of characteristics of tools
Construct validity
measures that underlying attributes it intends to measure. Construct validity can be achieved by comparing your measures to other measures that assess a similar construct
RYFF says that some of the favorable outcomes described by positive psychologists can be integrated into a...
model of psychological well-being
Talent
naturally recurring patterns of thought, feeling, or behavior that can be productively applied
A study correlating Clifton StrengthFinder themes with the Big 5 personality constructs
openness conscientiousness extroversion agreeableness neuroticism
Donald Clifton believed talents could be 1. 2. 3. 4.
operationalzied, studied, and accentuated in work and academic settings
Donald Clifton considered success to be closely allied with
personal talents, strengths, and analytical intelligence
Languishing
ppl who do not have a mental illness but who are low i social, emotional and psychological well-being
Flourishing
ppl who have high levels of social, emotional, psychological well being
"raw materials"
products of normal healthy development and successful childhood and adolescent experiences
Regarding Construct , the theme score intercorrelations support the...
relative independence of themes, thereby showing that 34 themes provide unique information
RYFFS 6 components of conceptualizing of positive functioning
self-acceptance personal growth purpose in life environmental mastery autonomy positive relations with others
Agape
spiritual love that reflects selflessness and altruism
Describe Happiness
spontaneous reflections of pleasant and unpleasant feelings on ones mediate experience
20 internal assets are those personal characteristics and behaviors that
stimulate the positive development of young age
Peterson and Selgiman decided that components of character included:
virtues character strengths situational themes
6 over reaching virtues
wisdom and knowledge courage humanity justice Temperance transcendence
Donald Clifton manifested in life experiences characterized by :
yearning, rapid learning, sanctification and timelessness
