Chapter 3 - General Biology Majors

20%

If a segment of DNA has 20% adenine in its base composition, what percent thymine is there?

glycerol, fatty acid, triglyceride, fatty acid, lower, liquids, unsaturated, plants, solids, saturated, animals

One _____________ molecule attaches to three _________________ molecules to form a ___________________. The more double bonds within a ____________________ tail, the _______________ the melting temperature. Oils, such as canola oil, are _____________ at room temperature because they contain primarily ________________________ fatty acids. These oils are produced mostly in ______________. Fats, such as lard, are ____________ at room temperature because they contain primarily ________________ fatty acids. These fats are produced mostly in _________________.

polymers, monomers, dehydration, formation, monomers, polymers, hydrolysis, addition, enzymes

Large biomolecules, or ____________________, are comprised of smaller subunits called ________________. These subunits attach themselves together to build biomolecules through____________________ reactions. This type of reaction involves the ___________________ of water as _______________________ are linked together and _______________ built. Biomolecules are broken down into their subunits through ___________________ reactions. This type of reaction involves the __________________ of water as polymers are broken down into monomers. Many of these synthesis and degradation processes are catalyzed by ________________.

*Provide insulation from cold and injury *Provide comparatively light-weight long term energy storage *Comprise the plasma membrane of cells and gives them flexibility *Provide a protective and waterproof covering for plants *Comprise vital hormones and chemical signalers

Select all the following functions of lipids that are essential to living organisms

secondary structure

The alpha helix and beta sheet are found at which level of protein organization?

the number of fatty acids attached to the glycerol molecule

The lipids of the cell membrane and the lipids found in butter and vegetable oil differ in which of the following?

pentose sugar, phosphate and nitrogen-containing base

What are the basic structures that make up a nucleotide?

cellulose

Which carbohydrate is found in the cell walls of plants?

chitin

Which carbohydrate is found in the exoskeleton of insects and crabs?

glycogen

Which carbohydrate is used in the liver for energy storage?

cellulose

Which of the following carbohydrates would NOT be a molecule used for energy storage?

sex hormone

Which of the following is a function of a steroid?

The last two phosphate bonds are unstable and easily broken

Which statement below correctly describes why ATP is a high energy structure?

protein

A peptide bond is found in which type of biological molecule?

D. All of the choices are correct

A saturated fat is A. solid at room temperature. B. has fatty acids with no double bonds between the carbon atoms. C. is of animal origin. D. All of the choices are correct.

fatty acids and glycerol

A lipid is a polymer made up of which kind of monomers?

carbon and hydrogen

Organic molecules are those that contain at least

amino acids, amino, carbon, dehydration, amino acids, covalent, peptide, amino acids, peptide, amino acids, peptide, amino acids, polypeptide.

Proteins are composed of ___________________ that contain a(n) ___________________ group, an acid group, and a variable R group. These groups are arranged around a central _____________ atom. A _______________ reaction joins the ____________________together , forming a(n) ____________________ bond called a ________________ bond. When two or more ______________________ are bonded together, a _______________ is formed and when a chain of ______________________ are bonded together, a ______________ is formed. The sequence of ________________ greatly influence the behavior and function of the resulting _________________.