Chapter 3 Homework

selective attention

Bette is able to focus on one voice in a crowded restaurant, demonstrating _____.

binocular cues, monocular cues, & texture of objects

Depth perception is possible because of:

selective

Focusing on a specific aspect of experience while ignoring others is _____ attention.

localize

Having two ears helps us to _______________ a sound because each receives somewhat different stimuli from the sound source.

opponent-process theory

If you look at the color green for an extended period of time and then look away, you will see an afterimage of red. Which theory accounts for this phenomenon?

convergence

In order to get a good idea of an object's depth, we rely on a number of binocular and monocular cues. Which of the following would be an example of a binocular cue?

what the stimulus is; the function or meaning of the stimulus

In perception, bottom-up processing focuses on ________, while top-down processing focuses on ________.

subliminal perception.

Individuals can be affected by stimuli that are presented to them so quickly that they are not able to consciously perceive the stimuli. This phenomenon is known as:

thermoreceptor

Information regarding temperature is processed by ______________ cells in the skin.

depends on the rods.

Jane is having trouble sleeping. As she sits in bed looking around the darkened room, she notices that her peripheral vision seems to be better than her central vision. This is because vision in low light conditions:

retina

Light enters the eyeball and hits cells on the back of the ________ creating a crude blurry image.

wavelengths

Light is measured by _____.

a deficiency in one of the three types of cones.

Like 7 percent of the male population, Lionel is red-green color blind. Red-green color blindness is caused by:

The fluid in his semicircular canals takes longer to stop moving than he does.

Max is a three-year-old boy who delights in spinning around and around until he gets dizzy and falls over. Why does he get so dizzy when he spins like that?

bottom-up processing.

Melanie is learning how to read Spanish by sounding out each word one letter at a time. Melanie is engaging in:

synaesthesia

My sister claims that she can taste colors. This is an example of _____.

adequately explains high-frequency sounds but not low-frequency sounds.

One criticism of place theory is that it:

mechanically

Our eyes capture light ________ much like a camera.

reproducing exactly the visual stimuli encountered in the environment.

Perception involves the brain

Initially hearing construction sounds outside your window at work, but eventually becoming unaware of their presence as the day wears on.

Researchers discovered that sensory adaptation was weaker in patients with schizophrenia than in individuals without schizophrenia. Which of the following is an example of sensory adaptation?

sensory adaptation

Sensory receptors adjust their response rates on the basis of the average amount of stimuli received, resulting in _____.

the limbic system.

Smells can often bring up emotional memories because the neural pathways for smell go through

waves

Sound ________________ are the movement of air molecules brought about by a source of vibration.

auditory

Sound waves are vibrations in the air processed by the _____________ system.

auditory nerve

The __________ __________ is the nerve structure that receives information about sound from the hair cells of the inner ear and carries that information to the brain's auditory processing areas.

absolute

The ___________ threshold is the minimum amount of stimulus energy that a person can detect.

visual

The _____________ cortex processes sensory information from the eyes in the occipital lobe of the brain.

kinesthetic

The ___________________ senses provide information about movement, posture, and orientation.

trichromatic

The ______________________ theory of color vision outlines three types of cones that work together to form color vision.

sensory adaptation

The ability of the visual system to adjust to a dark room is an example of _____.

smallest intensity of a stimulus that must be present for the stimulus to be detected half of the time

The absolute threshold is the _____.

50

The absolute threshold is the level at which someone can detect a stimulus ________ percent of the time.

properly interact with and navigate our environment.

The brain must effectively convert two-dimensional images into a three-dimensional percept so we can

the smallest amount of change between two stimuli that you can detect half the time.

The difference threshold is defined as:

stimulus

The energy that produces a response in the sense organs is called a _____.

synaesthesia

The experience of one sense inducing an automatic experience in another sense (e.g., sight and hearing) is called _____,

cornea; lens

The eye bends light through the ________, which does the majority of the bending of the light, and the ________, which fine tunes the light.

channel and connect sounds

The function of the outer ear is to _____.

taste buds

The name for receptor cells located on the tongue that can sense taste is _____.

pinna

The outer, visible, funnel-shaped part of the ear is called the _____.

papillae

The taste buds in the mouth are contained in rounded bumps called _____.

She should limit her exposure to loud music. In fact, she shouldn't listen to music that loud for more than 90 minutes.

Tina loves listening to her favorite music on her iPod. Most of the time she plays her iPod at 90 percent volume. According to research on "safe sound," what should Tina do to increase the odds that her love of loud music does not cause hearing damage?

false

True or false: The trichromatic theory of color vision outlines three different types of rods that work together to create our experience of color vision.

top-down processing

Using your past experiences to help you interpret a situation means that you are gathering information using:

two stimuli differing by the same percentage in order to be perceived as different.

Weber's law refers to:

surrounding regions of white in a high contrast visual scene that serve to suppress the overall output of cells that correspond to specific regions in the visual field

What are lateral inhibitions?

Place theory of hearing

What theory of hearing contends that areas of the basilar membrane are highly specialized, with each area responding to a different frequency?

the eardrum to vibrate.

When sound waves enter the ear canal, they first cause:

stimulus

When the receptor cells have registered a ______, the energy is converted to an electrochemical impulse.

proximity, similarity, and closure

Which of the following are the Gestalt principles of organization?

frequency

Which of the following best represents the theory of hearing that perception of sound is based on how often the auditory nerves fire?

stimuli, culture, & individual physiological differences

Which of the following influence our perceptions?

light

Which of the following is NOT a method of how energy is detected by the skin?

Paranoia, delusions, and disorganized thinking are no longer hallmarks of schizophrenia.

Which of the following statements about schizophrenia is FALSE?

the scent of flowers when you enter a florist's shop

Which of the following would you be most likely to notice?

Because there is a limit to how much visual information our brain can process.

Why do we tend to pay attention to one thing at a time in our visual field?

difference threshold

You are working in a small group in the back of the classroom. Your instructor asks your group to talk more softly. You all speak more quietly, but your instructor comes back 30 seconds later and asks why you have not quieted down. Which of the following psychological concepts best explains why your instructor didn't realize that you were already speaking more quietly?

perception

________ is the process by which the brain actively organizes and interprets sensory information.

Place

_________________ theory of hearing states that each frequency of sound produces vibrations at a particular place on the basilar membrane.

retina

As light enters the eye, eventually it reaches the light-sensitive ________ at the back of the eye.