Chapter 3 Review Questions AP Psychology, Sensation and Perception HW 1, Perception and Sensation HW 2

Orville is talking with his friends at a cafeteria table when suddenly he is distracted by hearing his name at a neighboring table. Orville's shift of attention most clearly illustrates which psychological concept?

The cocktail party phenomenon

Which of the following is the best definition for absolute threshold?

The lowest strength of a stimulus that a person can detect 50% of the time

Which of the following examples best illustrates the concept of interposition?

Because the chair partially obscured his view of the sofa, Brendan perceived the chair as being closer than the sofa.

What is the stimulation of the senses?

Sensation

Marlene had an infection that led to deafness in her left ear. Which of the following will be the most likely impact of losing her hearing in her left ear?

She will have trouble locating the source of sounds.

Kimmie stood on the sidewalk rather than crossing the street because she saw that the approaching car was quite close to her. Which of the following concepts is best illustrated in this example?

depth perception

ana injured her eye in an accident and has to wear a patch over the eye while it heals. which of the following cues would she best be able to use to make judgments about the distance objects are from her

linear perspective

A sound is often detected by one ear more intensely and a fraction of a second earlier than it is detected by the other ear. These cues help individuals determine the

location of the source

To study the effects of smoking on sense of smell, a researcher would most likely conduct

longitudinal study on 100 smokers and a matched sample of 100 nonsmokers to determine whether the smokers' sense of smell declined more over time than the nonsmokers' did

Which of the following is the process of detecting environmental stimuli and converting them into signals that can be detected by the nervous system?

sensation

After spending hours in her kitchen preparing dinner, Rebecca no longer notices the strong smell of garlic until her guests arrive and mention the smell. Her failure to notice the smell of garlic illustrates

sensory adaptation

Which of the following concepts refers to the diminished sensitivity to a stimulus that occurs due to constant exposure to that stimulus?

sensory adaptation

What is the motivation we need to detect certain stimuli?

signal detection theory

As you watch a friend walk away from you, your retinal image of your friend gets smaller. Despite this, you do not perceive him to be shrinking. This is an example of

size constancy

Knowing that when you ascend into the air in an airplane and the cars stay the same shape is

size constancy

Gustatory receptors are sensitive to all of the following taste qualities except

spicy

A motion picture (a movie) is a series of still frames. This is an example of

stroboscopic motion

Receiving message unbeknownst to a consumer prompting them to by a product

subliminal perception

When Sally says the word "seashells", it tastes like lemons. Sally has

synesthesia

Teddy got so angry over the AP Psychology test, that he crushed a soda can by looking at it

telekinesis

A reason that one typically does not notice a blind spot in the visual field is that

the brain fills in missing information so there is no awareness that the visual field is incomplete

Tracey was in pain from an ear infection, which her doctor said was in her inner ear. Which of the following is the most likely location of the infection?

the cochlea

All summer Thomas hears the sound of the ice-cream truck approaching before his brother Oscar hears it. Thomas most likely has which of the following?

A lower absolute threshold for hearing than Oscar

Which of the following scenarios is the best example of synesthesia?

Anastasia sees swirls of color when she hears music because stimulation of one sensory pathway leads to the experience of another sensation.

What is the apparent drifting of a tiny, constant shining light?

Autokinetic Illusion

What is the fluid- filled, snail shaped structure in the inner ear?

Cochlea

Dr. Ramen recruited 100 adults to participate in her study. The taste buds of each participant were measured, and the participants tasted a number of foods. She found there was a relationship between the size of a participant's taste buds and the number of foods that a participant could taste. What research method did Dr. Ramen use, and what was she most likely studying?

Correlational; the sensitivity of supertasters

Who researched the concept of feature detectors and cells with specific visual processing?

David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel

Which of the following best illustrates the most predictable effect of schemas on perception?

Grant has more difficulty recognizing a penguin as a bird than he does a blue jay.

Damage to which of the following best describes conduction deafness?

Hammer, anvil, and stirrup

Which of the following scenarios best demonstrates a context effect?

Jeannette does better on her exam when she takes it in the same room where she studies

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the opponent-process theory of color vision?

Kayla sees afterimages of opposing colors when she stares at a poster for a long time.

perceiving motion in a series of lights flashing on and off is called

Phi Phenomenon

In a study on taste, what would researchers need to do to test participants' ability to distinguish umami from similar sensations?

Place disks soaked in MSG on the participants' tongues. Then replace those disks with disks that have been soaked in water. Compare the participants' reactions.

Human tactile sense is actually a mix of which of the following distinct skin senses?

Pressure, warmth, cold, pain

Which of the following is the correct order of the eye-to-brain pathway of vision?

Retina, optic nerve, thalamus, occipital lobe

Denise has damaged her auditory nerve and now has difficulty understanding what people are saying. Which of the following descriptions explains how that damage impairs her hearing?

Sound messages fail to be transmitted directly to the brain.

Weber's law concern the relation between which of the following?

Stimulus intensity in relationship to a similar sensation

A researcher wants to study the human sense of taste over a life span. The researcher has a group of participants taste foods that are salty, bitter, sweet, sour, and umami. Which study would best allow the researcher to test the sensation of taste as people age, and what is the likely outcome?

The researcher follows the same group of people over the course of 40 years. The researcher also measures the number of the people's taste buds throughout the 40 years. The researcher finds that as people grow older, their sense of taste diminishes and their number of taste buds decreases.

Bryan perceived a duck instead of other animals when viewing an ambiguous image because he watched a documentary about ducks the previous night. Which of the following best explains why Bryan perceived a duck?

Top-down processing, because his perception of the duck was influenced by past experience.

what is the height, or magnitude, or a sound wave?

amplitude

What monocular cue sees objects in the distance as hazy and blurred?

ariel perspective

Which of the following scenarios most clearly describes the effects of a strong kinesthetic sense?

being able to tell exact bodily position without looking at the body

The idea that one's social environment can have an impact on pairn interpretation

biopsychosocial

The coiled tube in the inner ear that contains the auditory receptors is called the

cochlea

Which of the following scenarios is most likely to result in impairment of the kinesthetic sense?

damage to the cerebellum

A person is asked to listen to a series of tones presented in pairs, and asked to say whether the tones in each pair are the same or different pitch. In this situation the experimenter is most likely measuring the individual's

difference threshold

idea that large fibers can prevent pain impulses from reaching the brain is

gate- control theory

Martin fell off his skateboard and badly bruised his elbow. He immediately began rubbing the area around the bruise until the pain subsided. This method of reducing pain can be explained by which of the following?

gate-control theory

Damage to which of the following best explains conduction deafness?

hammer, anvil, and stirrup

it can be assumed that an individual described as a supertaster

is very sensitive to hot peppers

Hyrum is at a concert when a flute player hits a very high note at the end of a song. Which of the following best explains why the pitch of the note sounds so high?

it has a short wavelength and high frequency

What is the patch of nasal membrane tissue that houses receptor cells for smell

olfactory epithelium

After Sharon stares at a patch of saturated green color for a brief period of time, she looks at a white surface and sees a red patch of color. This perceptual phenomenon is best explained by

opponent-process theory

after staring at a green, black, and orange american flag for about a minute, an individual will see a red, white and blue flag afterimage. which of the following explains this phenomenon?

opponent-process theory

taste buds are contained in the tongue's

papillae

When we think we are touching something hot when we are touching something warm and cook is

paradoxical heat

People who live in environments with buildings with square corners and right angles are more susceptible to the Muller-Lyer illusion than are people who live in environments without such angles and corners. The difference in perception between the two groups of people reveals that

people develop perceptual hypotheses based on experiences in their lives

After his friend said a new movie was the funniest he had seen in years, Willard found himself laughing throughout the viewing, even though the movie was not very funny. What concept is Willard demonstrating?

perceptual set

Helena did not recognize her English teacher when she unexpectedly saw him while traveling in Paris, even though she knew him well back in the classroom. The fact that Helena can recognize her teacher back home more easily than in Paris best demonstrates what concept?

perceptual set

Feature detectors are neurons that are turned on or off specific features of visual stimuli like edges and movement. Where in the visual system are these feature detectors located?

retina

A person with sight in only one eye lacks which of the following visual cues for seeing in depth?

retinal disparity

What is the difference between an image cast on each eye as they focus on the same object?

retinal disparity

Which of the following is the correct neural impulse pathway through the retina?

rods & cones, bipolar cells, ganglion cells, optic nerve

An individual's ability to focus on a particular conversation in a noisy and crowded room is called

selective attention

Jason is attending a parade that features the local high school band. Jason's friend Brent plays the trombone in the band. It is difficult for Jason to hear Brent play at the parade. Which of the following would best allow Jason to hear Brent's trombone?

selective attention

Balance is influenced by the

semicircular canals

Which of the following anatomical structures is involved in the vestibular sense?

semicircular canals

balance is influenced by the

semicircular canals

Domingo has just hit Play to begin listening to a new song he bought. Based on the structure of the ear, what will the sound waves contact first after moving through Domingo's auditory canal?

the eardrum

negative afterimages are explained by

the opponent- process theory

Julia is practicing her trumpet and produces a loud song. Which of the following is the best explanation for the loudness of the sound?

the sound has a high-amplitude sound wave

According to the gate control theory of pain, which of the following contains a neurological gate that controls the transmission of pain messages to the brain?

the spinal cord

The general function of the bones in the middle ear is to

transfer sound information from the tympanic membrane to the oval window

pheromones are sensed by receptors in the

vomeronasal organ