chapter 3 test 10/1/2020
How many groups are on the periodic table?
18
How many periods are on the periodic table?
7
periodic table
A chart of the elements showing the repeating pattern of their properties
Spectroscope
A device that uses a prism or diffraction grating to separate light into its color components.
period
A horizontal row of elements in the periodic table
Does a shell have to contain electrons in order to exist?
A shell is just a conceptual model; hence; it doesn't really exist with or without the electron, A shell is just a region of space which may or may not contain electrons, A shell is a form of energy that requires electrons in order to exist.
proton
A subatomic particle that has a positive charge and that is found in the nucleus of an atom
atomic symbol
An abbreviation for an element or atom
Electron
An extremely small, negatively charged subatomic particle found outside the atomic nucleus
quantum number
An integer that specifies the energy of an orbital. The higher the quantum number n, the greater the distance between the electron and the nucleus and the higher its energy.
Element
Any material that is made up of only one type of atom
Isotope
Any member of a set of atoms of the same element whose nuclei contain the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons
what is an isotope?
Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons
Neon, Ne (atomic number 10), cannot attract any additional electrons. Why?
It is a noble gas
What might the spectrum of an atom look like if the atom's electrons were not restricted to particular energy levels?
It would appear nearly the same as it does with the energy level restrictions. There would be no frequencies within the visible portion of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Use the shell model to explain why a lithium atom, Li (atomic number 3), is larger than a beryllium atom, Be (atomic number 4).
Lithium is larger because it contains an additional shell of electrons
Group
Vertical column in the periodic table
quantum
a small, discrete packet of light energy
Neutron
an electrically neutral particle found in the nucleus of an atom
atom
an incredibly small fundamental unit of matter consisting of subatomic particles, such as electrons, protons, and neutrons.
distinguish between the atomic number and mass number
atomic mass is associated with the number of neutrons and protons that are present in a particular nucleus of an element. atomic number is usually the number of protons present in an elements nucleus.
which is heavier: a water molecule,h2o, or a carbon dioxide molecule, co2?
co2
If two protons and two neutrons are removed from the nucleus of an oxygen atom, a nucleus of which element remains?
helium
Helium, He, is a nonmetallic gas and the second element in the periodic table. Rather than being placed adjacent to hydrogen, H, however, helium is placed on the far right of the table. Why?
it behaves like a noble gas therefore it is grouped with the noble gasses
A tree takes in carbon dioxide, CO2, and water vapor, H2O, from the air while also releasing oxygen, O2. Does this tree lose or gain weight? Explain.
it gains weight because it's inhaling more than it's exhaling
why isn't water an element?
it's a compound of two different elements
why do we say that the atomic spectra are like the fingerprints of elements?
it's unique to each atom
Are most elements metals or non-metals?
metals
A beam of protons and a beam of neutrons of the same energy are both harmful to living tissue. The beam of neutrons, however, is less harmful. Suggest why.
neutrons have no charge
Evidence for the existence of neutrons did not come until many years after the discoveries of the electron and the proton. Give a possible explanation.
neutrons have no charge, therefore it's harder to attract them.
what is at the center of every atom?
nucleus
what contributes more to an atoms mass: electrons or protons? which contributes more to size?
protons contribute more to the mass, electrons contribute more to the size.
If an atom has 43 electrons, 56 neutrons, and 43 protons, what is its approximate atomic mass? What is the name of this element?
technetium
what role does the atomic number play in the periodic table?
the atomic number is the number of protons in the atomic nucleus of each atom of a given element.
atomic mass
the elements atoms; listed in the periodic table as an average value based on the relative abundance of the elements isotopes
what happens to the properties of elements as you go across any period of the periodic table?
the elements get smaller
Which of the following diagrams best represents the size of the atomic nucleus relative to the size of the atom?
the fourth one
atomic number
the number of protons in the atomic nucleus
atomic spectrum
the pattern of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation emitted by the atoms of an element, considered to be the element's "fingerprint"
what does a spectroscope do to the light coming from an atom?
the spectroscope separates light into color components
mass number
the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
How is a plucked guitar string like an electron in an atom?
they both have the shape of a wave
Why do elements in the same group of the periodic table have similar properties?
they have a similar amount of electrons
why are the atomic masses that aren't whole numbers left out of the periodic table?
they're rounded
How does the wave model of electrons orbiting the nucleus account for the fact that the electrons can have only discrete energy values?
when an electron wave is confined, it is reinforced only at particular frequencies
How is the periodic table like a dictionary?
you can search up and learn more about elements
what is the atomic symbol for the element cobalt
Co
atomic nucleus
The dense, positively charged center of every atom
