CHAPTER 38

The proposed Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), passed by Congress in 1972 and eventually ratified by 35 states, stated the following:

"Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any state on the basis of sex."

Arrange the following events in chronological order: (A) Arab oil embargo, (B) Iranian hostage crisis, (C) fall of Saigon, (D) invasion of Afghanistan.

A, C, B, D

American Indian activists brought attention to their cause in the 1970s by seizing

Alcatraz Island and Wounded Knee, South Dakota

As a result of U.S. support for Israel in 1973 when it was attacked by Egypt and Syria,

Arab nations placed an embargo on oil to America

President Jimmy Carter's most spectacular foreign-policy achievement was the

Camp David agreement between Israel and Egypt

President Nixon's chief foreign-policy adviser was

Henry Kissinger.

The high inflation rate of the 1970s stemmed primarily from

Lyndon Johnson's refusal to raise taxes for spending on social-welfare programs and the Vietnam War

The Amendment the voting age to

Twenty-sixth; lowered; eighteen

President Carter believed that the fundamental problem of the American economy in the late 1970s was

U.S. dependence on foreign oil

President Nixon's policy of "Vietnamization" of the war in Vietnam called for

a gradual handover of the ground war to the South Vietnamese

The major goal successfully pursued by Indian civil rights activists in the 1970s was

a recognition of the semisovereign status of the various Indian tribes under American law.

Vice President Spiro Agnew was forced to resign in 1973 after being accused of

accepting bribes

In the Vietnam conflict, the United States lost a.respect in the eyes of foreigners. b.confidence in its military prowess. c.economic power. d.the war.

all of the above

The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) failed to be ratified by the needed 38 states largely because

an antifeminist backlash led by Phyllis Schlafly stirred sufficient opposition to stop it.

George McGovern, the Democratic party's presidential candidate in 1972, appealed most strongly to the

antiwar movement.

The Watergate scandals caused by the actions of Richard Nixon's staff in the

ballot stuffing

The most explosive racial controversy of the 1970s was over

busing

George McGovern, the Democratic nominee for the presidency in 1972, alienated the traditional working-class backbone of the Democratic party

by appealing to racial minorities, feminists, and youth

The decisions of the Supreme Court under Chief Justice Earl Warren reflected its

deep concern for the individual

The Pentagon Papers, published in 1971

documented the North Vietnamese attack in the Gulf of Tonkin

Richard Nixon's Philadelphia Plan

equired construction trade unions to establish timetables and goals for hiring black apprentices

Perhaps Richard Nixon's most valuable asset as he began his presidency in 1969 was his

expertise in foreign affairs.

ichard Nixon tried to resist giving his taped conversations to the special prosecutor and the Congress by claiming that

he had executive privilege (confidentiality)

During the Senate Watergate hearings, one of the most damaging revelations for Richard Nixon was that

his conversations in person and on the telephone had been recorded on tape.

James Earl (Jimmy) Carter enjoyed considerable popularity when he won the presidency because

his emphasis on honesty contrasted with the corruptions of Watergate.

The Nixon Doctrine proclaimed that the United States would

honor its existing defense commitment, but that in the future its allies would have to fight their own wars without large numbers of American troops.

The guiding principle of President Carter's foreign policy was

human rights

As president, Richard Nixon succeeded in

implementing the Supplemental Security Income program

To control creeping inflation in the early 1970s, President Richard Nixon

imposed a ninety-day wage-and-price freeze

Richard Nixon's Vietnam policy included all of the following except

increased American troop commitments

The SALT II Treaty between the Soviet Union and the United States died in the Senate when the Soviets

invaded Afghanistan

The most controversial action of Gerald Ford's presidency was

pardoning Nixon for any known or unknown crimes he had committed while presidency

The Helsinki accords, signed by Gerald Ford and leaders of thirty-four other nations,

pledged signatories to guarantee certain basic human rights

Title IX was passed by Congress in 1972 to

prohibit sex discrimination in any federally funded education program or activity

The Supreme Court in the Bakke case held that

racial quotas were unconstitutional but race could be taken into account as one factor in college admissions.

The effect of the Supreme Court ruling in Milliken v. Bradley that integration did not have to take place across school district lines was to

reinforce the division between poorer, minority inner city schools and nearly all white suburbs.

The 1973 War Powers Act

required the president to report to Congress any commitment of American troops.

When it came to welfare programs, Richard Nixon

supported significant expansion in many areas

The difference between Lyndon Johnson's affirmative action programs and those of Richard Nixon was

that Johnson intended to help individuals, but Nixon conferred privileges on groups.

As a result of Richard Nixon's aerial bombing of neutral Cambodia in 1973,

the Cambodian economy was ruined and its politics revolutionized

In an effort to counter OPEC, the United States took the lead in forming

the International Energy Agency

Boycotting the 1980 Olympic Games was one measure taken by President Carter in response to

the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.

As part of the cease-fire agreement in Vietnam in 1973,

the United States was to withdraw all its troops from Vietnam.

By the early 1970s, the post-World War II economic boom had crested as a result of all of the following except

the economic recovery of Japan and Germany.

The one major social movement born in the 1960s that retained and gathered momentum in

the feminist movement.

All of the following are legacies of Richard Nixon's presidency except

the food stamp program

One reason for the decline of American workers' productivity during the 1970s was

the general shift in the economy from manufacturing to services.

The American armed forces in Vietnam were composed largely of

the least privileged young Americans

In Griswold v. Connecticut, the Supreme Court upheld a married couple's right to use contraceptives based on

the right to privacy

The people of the United States had provided just about everything for South Vietnam except

the will to win the war

The term "second wave feminism" refers to

those like Betty Friedan who revived feminism in the 1960s and 1970s as a broad movement for women's rights and opportunities.

A primary goal of both the first and second wave of Vietnamese refugees was

to keep their large extended families together

Richard Nixon's policy of détente

ushered in an era of relaxed tensions between the United States and the two leading communist powers, China and the Soviet Union

The Supreme Court case of Roe v. Wade declared state laws prohibiting abortion were unconstitutional because they

violated a woman's constitutional right to privacy in her own person

Critics of the Supreme Court under Chief Justice Earl Warren complained that the Court

was ignoring the Constitution in favor of its own social values

The first wave of Vietnamese refugees who came to the United States in the immediate aftermath of the Vietnam War

were first forced into "assimilation camps" scattered across the country.

Moderate and radical feminists differed over all the following issues except

women's right to choose abortion