Patho exam 3
Gastrointestinal drainage, perioperative and postoperative hypotension, and hemorrhage may all contribute to renal failure by causing...
acute tubular necrosis
COPD leads to a barrel chest, because it causes
air trapping
Surfactant is a phospholipid that reduces
alveolar surface tension
Accumulation of fluid in the pleural space is called
pleural effusion
Esophagus varices represent a complication of_________ hypertension
portal
Barrett esophagus is a...
preneoplastic lesion
The major underlying factor leading to the edema associated with glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome is...
proteinuria
Emphysema results from destruction of alveolar walls and capillaries, which is due too...
release of proteolytic enzymes from immune cells
All obstructive pulmonary disorders are characterized by...
resistance to airflow
it is true that growth hormone excess in adults
results in the condition of acromegaly
renin is release from...
the juxtaglomerular cells
Hepatitis B is usually transmitted by exposure to...
blood or semen
Ulcerative colitis is commonly associated with...
bloody diarrhea
right-sided heart failure secondary to pulmonary hypertension is also called
cor pulmonale
proton pump inhibitors may be used in the management pf peptic ulcer disease to...
decrease hydrochloric acid secretion
the action of bile is to
emulsify fats
It is true that polycystic kidney disease is
genetically transmitted
Which symptom suggests the presence of a hiatal hernia?
heartburn
Findings that should prompt an evaluation for renal cancer include
hematuria
The most common causes of pre hepatic jaundice are ________ and ineffective erythropoiesis
hemolysis
The consequence of an upper urinary tract obstruction in a single ureter is
hydronephrosis
Inuslin binding to its receptor on target cells results in
increased facilitated cellular diffusion of glucose
the underlying pathogenic mechanism for type 2 diabetes is...
insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction
The difference between stress incontinence and urge incontinence is that stress incontinence....
is cause by a pelvic flood muscle problem, where as urge incontinence is cause by a problem with detrusor muscle.
The organism that causes pulmonary tuberculosis is...
mycobacterium tuberculosis
The most common mechanism regulating hormone production and secretion is...
negative feedback
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is often associated with...
nonketotic hyperosmolality
_________ is the most powerful predictor of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus.
obesity
Asthma is categorized as an...
obstructive pulmonary disorder
The underlying pathogenic mechanisms for type 1 diabetes is
pancreatic beta-cell destruction
Acute tubular necrosis can occur from (select all that apply)
- contrast dyes used for radiologic studies - ischemia due to hypovolemia - antibodies that are nephrotoxic
Crohn disease is associated with what complications? (Select all that apply)
- perianal fissures - fistulae - abscesses
Which is indicative of a left tension pneumothorax?
Absent breath sounds
What indicator is most helpful in evaluating long-term blood glucose management in patients with diabetes mellitus?
Glycosylated hemoglobin levels (HbA1C)
Over secretion of ACTH occurs in?
Cushing disease
The organism most commonly associated with acute pyelonephritis is...
Escherichia coli
A patient with chronic gastritis would likely be tested for...
Helicobacter pylori
Allergic asthma is associated with
IgE-mediated airway inflammation
"My doctor said I have cor pul- something, which is a heart problem." says the patient. "I thought I just had these bad lungs that can't be fixed. How can that make my heart so bad?" The best response is...
Increased resistance to pulmonary arterial flow leads to compensatory right ventricular hypertrophy
In individuals who has asthma, exposure to an allergen to which they are sensitize leads to which pathophysiological event?
Inflammation, mucosal edema, and bronchoconstriction
