Patho exam 3

Gastrointestinal drainage, perioperative and postoperative hypotension, and hemorrhage may all contribute to renal failure by causing...

acute tubular necrosis

COPD leads to a barrel chest, because it causes

air trapping

Surfactant is a phospholipid that reduces

alveolar surface tension

Accumulation of fluid in the pleural space is called

pleural effusion

Esophagus varices represent a complication of_________ hypertension

portal

Barrett esophagus is a...

preneoplastic lesion

The major underlying factor leading to the edema associated with glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome is...

proteinuria

Emphysema results from destruction of alveolar walls and capillaries, which is due too...

release of proteolytic enzymes from immune cells

All obstructive pulmonary disorders are characterized by...

resistance to airflow

it is true that growth hormone excess in adults

results in the condition of acromegaly

renin is release from...

the juxtaglomerular cells

Hepatitis B is usually transmitted by exposure to...

blood or semen

Ulcerative colitis is commonly associated with...

bloody diarrhea

right-sided heart failure secondary to pulmonary hypertension is also called

cor pulmonale

proton pump inhibitors may be used in the management pf peptic ulcer disease to...

decrease hydrochloric acid secretion

the action of bile is to

emulsify fats

It is true that polycystic kidney disease is

genetically transmitted

Which symptom suggests the presence of a hiatal hernia?

heartburn

Findings that should prompt an evaluation for renal cancer include

hematuria

The most common causes of pre hepatic jaundice are ________ and ineffective erythropoiesis

hemolysis

The consequence of an upper urinary tract obstruction in a single ureter is

hydronephrosis

Inuslin binding to its receptor on target cells results in

increased facilitated cellular diffusion of glucose

the underlying pathogenic mechanism for type 2 diabetes is...

insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction

The difference between stress incontinence and urge incontinence is that stress incontinence....

is cause by a pelvic flood muscle problem, where as urge incontinence is cause by a problem with detrusor muscle.

The organism that causes pulmonary tuberculosis is...

mycobacterium tuberculosis

The most common mechanism regulating hormone production and secretion is...

negative feedback

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is often associated with...

nonketotic hyperosmolality

_________ is the most powerful predictor of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus.

obesity

Asthma is categorized as an...

obstructive pulmonary disorder

The underlying pathogenic mechanisms for type 1 diabetes is

pancreatic beta-cell destruction

Acute tubular necrosis can occur from (select all that apply)

- contrast dyes used for radiologic studies - ischemia due to hypovolemia - antibodies that are nephrotoxic

Crohn disease is associated with what complications? (Select all that apply)

- perianal fissures - fistulae - abscesses

Which is indicative of a left tension pneumothorax?

Absent breath sounds

What indicator is most helpful in evaluating long-term blood glucose management in patients with diabetes mellitus?

Glycosylated hemoglobin levels (HbA1C)

Over secretion of ACTH occurs in?

Cushing disease

The organism most commonly associated with acute pyelonephritis is...

Escherichia coli

A patient with chronic gastritis would likely be tested for...

Helicobacter pylori

Allergic asthma is associated with

IgE-mediated airway inflammation

"My doctor said I have cor pul- something, which is a heart problem." says the patient. "I thought I just had these bad lungs that can't be fixed. How can that make my heart so bad?" The best response is...

Increased resistance to pulmonary arterial flow leads to compensatory right ventricular hypertrophy

In individuals who has asthma, exposure to an allergen to which they are sensitize leads to which pathophysiological event?

Inflammation, mucosal edema, and bronchoconstriction