Chapter 3| The Structure of Bones & Joints

Spongy bone-

(AKA cancellous bone) is the lighter- and not as strong as the compact bone- that is found in the ends and inner portions of long bones.

Compact bone-

(AKA cortical bone) is the dense, hard and very strong bone that forms the protective outer layer of bones.

Joints-

AKA articulations- connects bones together.

Fontanelles-

AKA soft spots- are normally present on the skull of a newborn, they facilitate the passage of the infant through the birth canal and allow for the growth o the skull during the first year.

Cartilaginous Joints-

Allow only slight moment and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage.

Pubic Symphysis-

Allows for some movement to facilitate childbirth. -is located between the pubic bones in the anterior of the pelvis -cartilaginous joint

Ligaments-

Are bands of fibrous tissue that form joints by connecting one bone to another bone or by joining a bone to cartilage.

Bursa-

Is a fibrous sac that acts as a cushion to ease movement in areas that are subject to friction, such as in the shoulder, elbow, and knee joints where a tendon passes over a bone.

The Medullary Cavity-

Is the central cavity located in the shaft of long bones where it is surrounded by compact bone. -it is here that red and yellow bone marrow are stored.

Periosteum-

Is the tough, fibrous tissue that forms the outermost covering of bone.

Hemopoietic-

Means pertaining to the formation of blood cells.

Red Bone Marrow-

Which is located within the spongy bone, is a hemopoietic tissue that manufactures red blood cells, hemoglobin, white blood cells, and thrombocytes.

the epiphyses-

are the wider ends of long bones.

Fibrous Joints-

consisting of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, hold bones tightly together. -called sutures in adults and do not allow any movement.

Articular Cartilage-

covers the surfaces of bones where they come together to form joints. This cartilage makes smooth joint movements possible and protect the bones from rubbing against each other.

Yellow Bone Marrow-

functions as a fat storage area. It is composed chiefly of fat cells and is located in the medullary cavity of long bones.

A proccess-

is a normal projection on the surface of a bone that most commonly serves as an attachment for a muscle or tendon.

A foramen-

is an opening in a bone through which blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments pass.

Synovial Joint-

is created where two bones articulate to permit a variety of motions. -ball-and-socket joints & hinge joints

The Meniscus-

is the curved fibrous cartilage found in some joints, such as the knee and the temporomnondibular joint of the jaw.

The Diaphys-

is the shadt of a long bone.

Cartilage-

is the smooth, rubbery, blue-white connective tissue that acts as a shock absorber between bones. Cartilage, which is more elastic than bone, also makes up the flexible parts of the skeleton such as the outer ear and the tip of the nose.

Endosteum-

is the tissue that lines the medullary cavity.