Chapter 4 (124-128)

Boils and carbuncles

A carbuncle is an abscess in the skin caused by the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. It usually involves a group of hair follicles and is therefore larger than a typical furuncle, or boil

Psoriasis

A chronic condition, characterized by overproduction of skin cells that results in reddened epidermal leisons

Partial-thickness Burn

A partial thickness burn (also known as a second degree burn) is a burn that affects the top two layers of skin, called the epidermis and hypodermis. Partial thickness burns can continue to change over time and can evolve to a full thickness burn (or third degree burn), even after initial treatment.

Malignant Melanoma

A skin cancer that begins in cells called melanocytes.

What name is given to the rule for recognizing the signs of melanoma?

ABCD

ABCD rule

Asymmetry- The two sides of the pigmented spot or mole do not match Border Irregularity- The borders of the lesion are not smooth but exhibit indentations Color- The pigmented spot contains areas of different colors Diameter- The spot is large than 6 millimeters in diameter

Why do no skin cancers develop from stratum corneum cells?

Because stratym corneum cells are dead

What are the two criteria for classifying as first-, second-, or third degree burns?

First-degree burns are red and swollen but usually heal within 2-3 days; only epidermal damage. second-degree burns damage the epidermis and some of the dermis; blisters appear but epithelial regeneration can occur. third-degree burns destroy the entire skin thickness. the burn is gray and painless; must graft.

What are the two life threatening consequences of a sever burn?

Loss of body fluids containing needed proteins and electrolytes, resting in circulatory shock, and overwhelming infection

What change for aging skin accounts for skin wrinkles and cold intolerance in older adults?

Loss of substance fat

What is the source of vernix caseosa that covers the skin of the newborn baby?

The sebaceous glands of the baby

Third-degree Burn

Third-degree burns (full thickness burns) go through the dermis and affect deeper tissues. They result in white or blackened, charred skin that may be numb.

First-degree burns are red and swollen but usually heal in 2-3 days; only epidermal damage. Second-degree burns damage the epidermis and some of the dermis; blisters appear but epithelial regeneration can occur. Third-degree burns destroy the entire skin thickness. The burn is gray and painless; must graft.

What are the criteria for classifying burns at first-, second-, or third-degree?

Loss of body fluids containing needed proteins and electrolytes, resulting in circulatory shock, and overwhelming infection

What are the two life-threatening consequences of a sever burn?

Loss of subcutaneous fat

What change in aging skin accounts for wrinkles and cold intolerance in older adults?

Sun exposure

What is the single most common risk factor for skin cancer?

The sebaceous glands of the baby

What is the source of vernix caseosa that covers the skin of the newborn baby?

ABCD rule

What name is given to the rule of recognizing the signs of melanoma?

Becuase stratum corneum cells are dead

Why do no skin cancers develop from stratum corneum cells?

Impetigo

a contagious bacterial skin infection forming pustules and yellow, crusty sores.

Athletes Foot

a fungal infection affecting the skin between the toes. It is a form of ringworm.

Cold sores

an inflamed blister in or near the mouth, caused by infection with the herpes simplex virus.

Burn

an injury caused by exposure to heat or flame.

Second-degree Burns

are more serious because the damage extends beyond the top layer of skin. This type burn causes the skin to blister and become extremely red and sore. Some blisters pop open, giving the burn a wet or weeping appearance.

Rule of nines

assesses the percentage of burn and is used to help guide treatment decisions including fluid resuscitation and becomes part of the guidelines to determine transfer to a burn unit. You can estimate the body surface area on an adult that has been burned by using multiples of 9.

Full-thickness Burn

destroy both layers of skin - (epidermis and dermis) and may penetrate more deeply into underlying structures. These burns have a dense white, waxy or even charred appearance. The sensory nerves in the dermis are destroyed in a full thickness burn, and so sensation to pinprick is lost.

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

is a cancer of a kind of epithelial cell, the squamous cell. These cells are the main part of the epidermis of the skin, and this cancer is one of the major forms of skin cancer.

Contact dermatitis

is a red, itchy rash caused by a substance that comes into contact with your skin.

First-degree Burns

is also called a superficial burn or wound. It's an injury that affects the first layer of your skin. First-degree burns are one of the mildest forms of skin injuries, and they usually don't require medical treatment.

Basal Cell Carinoma

least malignant and most common skin cancer

What is the single most common risk factor for skin cancer?

sunexposure