Chapter 4

Be familiar with the idea of subcultures

smaller groups within society that may not fully constitute cultural groups, but whose members may possess typical and culturally meaningful characteristics

What efforts have been made to emphasize issues of culture within the field of psychology?

-Increase of specialized journals and books -APA's ethical code compels psychologists to work with cultural sensitivity and competence -APA accreditation standards for graduate programs ---"Cultural and Individual Differences and Diversity" is one of 8 domains that a program must address -DSM-5 changes in light of multiculturalism ---General guidance to help with cultural competence -Revisions of prominent assessment methods

What is the etic perspective?

-emphasize the similarities between all people -assumes universality among all people and generally does not attach importance to differences between groups

Be familiar with the Tripartite Model of Personal Identity

-individual level. ---Here, the premise is that "all individuals are, in some respects, like no other individuals." -group level ---where the premise is that "all individuals are, in some respects, like some other individuals." -universal level --based on the premise that "all individuals are, in some respects, like all other individuals" A psychologist who can appreciate a client on all three levels will be able to recognize characteristics that are entirely unique to the client, others that are common within the client's cultural group, and still others that are common to everyone.

What is the emic perspective?

-recognizes and emphasizes culture-specific norms -stresses that individuals from various cultural groups must be understood to their own terms -Considers a client's behaviors, thoughts, and feelings within the context of client's' own culture (native point of view)

What are the primary components involved in acquiring cultural competence? (i.e., cultural self-awareness, knowledge of diverse cultures, culturally appropriate clinical skills)

., cultural self-awareness -knowledge of diverse cultures -culturally appropriate clinical skills

What are microagressions?

Comments or actions made in a cross-cultural context that convey prejudicial, negative, or stereotypical beliefs and may suggest dominance or superiority of one group over another

What should cultural knowledge include?

Current lifestyle of members of the culture, the group's history (especially regarding social and political issues)

Be generally familiar with each of these aspects (e.g., what is the first step of cultural self-awareness?)

Learning about one's own culture -Realize that differences between people are not necessarily deficiencies -Explore our own personal reactions to differences and address any discomfort -Becoming self-aware can be difficult, unpleasant

What would a narrow vs. a broad definition of culture typically include?

Narrow: Typically point to ethnicity and race as defining cultural characteristics Broad: Culture can be composed of any group that shares a theme or issues (so on top of the narrow qualifications, we can also consider socioeconomic class, gender, geography/region, age, sexual orientation, religion/spirituality, disability/ability status)