Chapter 4 (Environ. Geo.) reading concepts
there are approximately _____ people living on planet earth.
7.7 billion.
match the population theory with the individual associated with it.
Thomas Malthus --> human populations continue to increase despite insufficient resources, leading to starvation, crime, and misery. Karl Marx --> when people are oppressed and impoverished, high birth rates occur.
birth ________ is the general phrase used to describe any means used to reduce births.
control.
which of the following claims would support the statement "most demographers believe that world population will stabilize sometime in the 21st century"?
over 60% of the world's married or in-union women used some family planning techniques in 2015 compared to only 10% in 1970, and 179 countries endorsed a goal to make reproductive health services universally available by 2015.
in two Indian states, two very different methods were tried to reduce the population growth rate.
the social justice and birth control methods both worked at reducing the birth rate.
demographic __________ patterns show a connection between birth and death rates and economic development.
transition.
T/F. more people are born than die every day on earth.
true.
T/F. one significant factor that seems to be closely tied to achieving population stability is empowering women.
true.
what has made it possible to support a much higher human population size in the past?
advances in medicine, improved sanitation, progress in agricultural productivity.
improvements in _________ throughout human history have allowed the population to make significant jumps in population.
agriculture.
why might countries experience a rise in birth rates during stage 2 of a demographic transition pattern?
better medical care, better sanitation, better nutrition.
crude _______ rate is the number of births in a year per thousand, while total _______ rate is the number of children born to an average woman in a population during her entire reproductive life.
birth; fertility
emotional wellness, help around the house, religious practices, support in old age, and social status are all reasons people choose to have many _________
children
the number of deaths per year per thousand for a population is known as the _______ rate.
crude death
the vital statistics about people, including births, deaths, where they live, and total population size are collectively known as ________.
demography.
the number of nonworking compared to working individuals in a population is called the ______
dependency ratio
a demographic transition pattern is used to link falling death and birth rates to an increase in social media and _________ development
economic.
the two factors most closely associated with fertility rates in developed countries are ________
education and socioeconomic status
what are the two ways that different states in India achieved the demographic transition.
emphasizing birth control, providing wide-spread social benefits.
which of the following are negative aspects of a growing human population?
environmental degradation, excessive waste, resource depletion.
T/F. the human life span has increased dramatically since the industrial revolution.
false.
the way couples manage the number and spacing of their offspring is known as _______ planning.
family.
in a poor country, which of the following factors would potentially encourage a person to have more children?
high mortality rate of infants, ability of children to help with managing the house and farm, and support of parents in old age.
in a highly developed country, what pressures tend to reduce fertility
higher education for women, desire for children offset by desire for other goods, more women in the workforce.
what statement about human population growth is correct?
human population grew slowly until relatively recent.
what is considered important in initiating the demographic transition pattern?
increased availability of birth control, improved social status of women, improved standard of living, and increased confidence that children will survive to maturity.
the suggested growth projection of humans is likely to be around 8 to 10 billion people by 2050. why would the human population not continue to grow at a constant rate taking us over 12 billion people by 2050?
increases in world contraceptive use, successful family planning programs, and lack of availability of vital sources.
the group projected to be responsible for 90% of the world's population growth
less developed countries of Africa, Asia, and Latin America
the vital statistics about a group are called ________.
medium
match the terms to their definition.
Fecundity --> the physical ability to reproduce. Fertility --> the actual production of an offspring. Crude birth rate --> the number of births in a year per thousand. Total fertility rate --> the number of children born to an average woman in a population during her entire reproductive life.
by the middle of the 21st century _______ is expected to be the world's most populous country.
India.
economics Karl ______ stated that population growth results from poverty, whereas Thomas ________ wrote that population growth would be restrained by poverty.
Marx; Malthus.
which of the following countries does not have a problem with its dependency ratio.
Sweden - having approximately equal numbers of children, middle-aged adults, and elderly in their population.
how has agricultural technology increased human carrying capacity?
more food is able to be grown, harvested, and distributed.
statements that would apply to the definition of lifespan.
no known sea turtle has lived past 250 years, the oldest living human was recorded to have lived to the age of 122 years.
The crude death rate is _________.
number of deaths in a year per thousand.
positive outcome of a growing human population
with more humans, there are more ideas about how to fix potential problems we create.
an international conference on population resulted in 180 countries agreeing that economic development, education, health care, and _______ are keys to slowing population growth.
women's rights.