Chapter 4 Skin & Body Membranes

medulla

central core of each hair

hair root

part of the hair enclosed in the follicle

A. keratin

Nails are composed of: A. keratin B. sebum C. hemoglobin D. melanin E. carotene

false

Sebaceous glands release sweat to help control body temperature. True False

true

Apocrine gland secretions are normally odorless, and may be milky or yellowish in color. True False

false

Serous membranes line and lubricate joint cavities such as the knee. True False

true

The dermis is composed mostly of dense connective tissue. True False

true

The epidermis is made up of stratified squamous epithelium. True False

true

The pattern that produces fingerprints are produced by dermal papillae in the dermis. True False

true

The pinkish hue of healthy individuals with fair skin is the result of the crimson color of oxygenated hemoglobin circulating in the dermal capillaries and reflecting through the dermis. True False

false

The reason that the nail bed appears pink is the presence of a large number of melanocytes in the underlying dermis. True False

E. both by high temperatures and by hormones, especially male hormones

The secretion of sweat is stimulated: A. by hormones, especially male sex hormones B. by high temperatures C. as a protective coating when one is swimming D. when the air temperature drops E. both by high temperatures and by hormones, especially male hormones

B. cyanosis

What condition occurs when hemoglobin is deprived of oxygen? A. erythema B. cyanosis C. pallor D. jaundice

A. stratum spinosum

What epidermal layer consists of multiple layers of living keratinocytes and scattered dendritic cells? A. stratum spinosum B. stratum basale C. stratum lucidum D. stratum corneum

B. preventing water loss

What function of the skin is associated with keratin? A. sensory perception B. preventing water loss C. production of vitamin D D. absorbing ultraviolet radiation

blisters

What is a clear sign of a second-degree burn?

D. dehydration

What is the first threat to life from a massive third-degree burn: A. unbearable pain B. blood loss C. loss of immune function D. dehydration E. infection

B. stratum corneum

Which layer of the epidermis contains the greatest concentration of keratin? A. stratum spinosum B. stratum corneum C. stratum granulosum D. stratum basale

B. stratum corneum

Which layer of the epidermis produces dandruff: A. stratum lucidum B. stratum corneum C. stratum granulosum D. stratum spinosum E. stratum basale

A. contact dermatitis

Which of the following homeostatic imbalances is caused by skin exposure to chemicals: A. contact dermatitis B. cyanosis C. cold sores D. athlete's foot E. impetigo

D. carotene

What pigment found in skin originates from outside the body? A. jaundice B. melanin C. hemoglobin D. carotene

male pattern baldness

genetic pattern of hair loss in men

nail cuticle

thick proximal nail fold

mucous membrane

type of membrane adapted for absorption and secretion

A. body temperature regulation

Sebum is responsible for all of the following except: A. body temperature regulation B. makes the skin oilier during adolescence C. kills bacteria on the skin's surface D. prevents hair follicles from brittleness E. keeps the skin soft and moist

B. between the visceral and parietal layers of serous membranes

Serous fluid reduces friction: A. as food is chewed B. between the visceral and parietal layers of serous membranes C. inside the lungs D. around the brain E. in movable joints such as the knee

true

Squamous cell carcinoma arises from cells of the stratum spinosum. True False

B. joint cavities

Synovial membranes are found in the: A. lining of the abdominal cavity wall B. joint cavities C. covering of the brain D. covering of the heart E. lining of the stomach cavity

A. estimate the extent of burns

The "rule of nines" is used to _______. A. estimate the extent of burns B. identify if a burn is first-, second-, or third-degree C. determine if the patient can survive the burns D. diagnose the type of skin cancer

C. melanin

The "tanning" effect (darkening of the skin) that occurs when a person is exposed to the sun is due to: A. Langerhans cells B. oil C. melanin D. keratin E. sweat

false

The ABCD rule is used for classifying burns. True False

impetigo

The Staphylococcus infection of the skin that causes pink, water-filled, raised lesions is known as __________.

E. stratified squamous epithelium

The epidermis is composed of: A. dense fibrous connective tissue B. simple columnar epithelium C. areolar tissue D. adipose tissue E. stratified squamous epithelium

D. visceral pericardium

The innermost serous membrane covering the outside of the heart is the: A. visceral pleura B. parietal pericardium C. synovial layer D. visceral pericardium E. peritoneum

E. stratum lucidum

The layer of the epidermis in which cells die because of their inability to get nutrients and oxygen is the clear layer called: A. stratum basale B. stratum granulosum C. stratum spinosum D. stratum corneum E. stratum lucidum

true

The nail is actually a modification of the skin and corresponds to the hooves of animals. True False

D. cutaneous membrane

The only dry membrane is the: A. mucous membrane B. synovial membrane C. basement membrane D. cutaneous membrane E. serous membrane

C. mostly water, sodium chloride, and trace amounts of wastes, lactic acid, and vitamin C

The secretions of the eccrine glands are: A. fatty substances, proteins, antibodies, and trace amounts of minerals and vitamins B. primarily uric acid C. mostly water, sodium chloride, and trace amounts of wastes, lactic acid, and vitamin C D. solely metabolic wastes E. basic

A. integumentary system

The skin and its derivatives (nails, glands, and hairs) form the: A. integumentary system B. immune system C. lymphatic system D. endocrine system E. skeletal system

true

The thickened, proximal area of the nail is called the nail matrix, and it is responsible for nail growth. True False

B. epidermis and dermis

The two main layers of skin are: A. stratum corneum and dermis B. epidermis and dermis C. stratum basale and dermis D. epidermis and hypodermis E. papillary layer and reticular layer

E. full of keratin

The uppermost layer of skin is: A. composed of dense connective tissue B. called the hypodermis C. fed by a good supply of blood vessels D. called the dermis E. full of keratin

C. reduces desiccation

What is the function of keratin in the skin? A. kills bacteria B. absorbs ultraviolet radiation C. reduces desiccation D. carries wastes to be excreted

A. basal cell carcinoma

What is the least malignant, but most common kind of skin cancer? A. basal cell carcinoma B. squamous cell carcinoma C. malignant melanoma D. impetigo

C. mucous membrane

What type of epithelial membrane has variable types of epithelium depending on where it is located? A. serous membrane B. cutaneous membrane C. mucous membrane D. synovial membrane

D. serous membrane

What type of membrane lines the compartments of the ventral body cavity and lubricates the movement of organs within? A. mucous membrane B. synovial membrane C. cutaneous membrane D. serous membrane

D. serous membrane

What type of membrane provides lubrication to the pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal cavities? A. cutaneous membrane B. synovial membrane C. mucous membrane D. serous membrane

c. basal cell carcinoma

What type of skin cancer is relatively slow-growing and unlikely to metastasize? A. impetigo B. melanoma C. basal cell carcinoma D. squamous cell carcinoma

false

When an individual is exposed to extremely low air temperatures, the capillaries of the skin will dilate so that blood will flush into skin capillary beds and heat will be dissipated. True False

D. oral cavity

Which cavity would be lined with a mucous membrane? A. pelvic cavity B. cranial cavity C. thoracic cavity D. oral cavity

B. stratum basale

Which epidermal layer contains both melanocytes and Merkel cells? A. stratum granulosum B. stratum basale C. stratum corneum D. stratum lucidum

A. mucous

Which moist epithelial membrane lines body cavities that open to the exterior: A. mucous B. peritoneum C. synovial D. cutaneous E. serous

D. jaundice

Which of the following abnormal skin colors results from liver disorders: A. pallor B. cyanosis C. bruising D. jaundice E. erythema

C. it is the deepest layer of the skin

Which of the following is NOT a true statement about the papillary layer of the dermis: A. it produces the pattern for fingerprints B. it is located immediately beneath the epidermis C. it is the deepest layer of the skin D. it contains nerve endings that respond to touch and temperature stimuli E. it is highly vascular

D. lunule

Which of the following is NOT associated with a hair: A. medulla B. follicle C. shaft D. lunule E. cuticle

D. synovial membrane

Which of the following is a connective tissue membrane: A. cutaneous membrane B. serous membrane C. mucous membrane D. synovial membrane E. pleural membrane

A. it converts modified epidermal cholesterol to vitamin D

Which of the following is a vital function of the skin: A. it converts modified epidermal cholesterol to vitamin D B. it aids in desiccation C. it aids in the transport of materials throughout the body D. it absorbs vitamin C so that the skin will not be subject to diseases E. the cells of the epidermis store glucose as glycogen for energy

E. a pigmented spot that contains areas of different colors

Which of the following is an indication of melanoma: A. a pigmented spot that is black B. a symmetrical mole C. a spot on the skin that is smaller than the size of a pencil eraser D. a pigmented spot that has smooth borders E. a pigmented spot that contains areas of different colors

A. Dermal papillae contain capillary loops to nourish the epidermis.

Which of these describes the papillary layer of the skin? A. Dermal papillae contain capillary loops to nourish the epidermis. B. Melanocytes in this layer provide protection from UV radiation. C. This layer contains dendritic cells and Merkel cells. D. This deep layer of the dermis is made of irregularly arranged connective tissue fibers.

C. loss of skin elasticity

Which of these effects of aging is accelerated by smoking and sun exposure? A. thinning of the skin B. decreasing oil production C. loss of skin elasticity D. loss of subcutaneous tissue

D. dendritic cell

Which of these is found in the epidermis? A. sebaceous gland B. lamellar corpuscle C. arrector pili D. dendritic cell

B. sebaceous glands

Which of these prevents skin from becoming brittle? A. eccrine glands B. sebaceous glands C. apocrine glands D. sudoriferous glands

A. seabaceous gland

Which of these secretes a lubricant to keep skin soft and moist? A. sebaceous gland B. sudoriferous gland C. eccrine gland D. apocrine gland

B. Merkel discs

Which of these structures is located in the epidermis? A. sebaceous glands B. Merkel discs C. hair follicle D. sweat glands

B. vitamin D

Which organic compound is produced by skin cells? A. urea B. vitamin D C. sweat D. carotene

decubitus ulcers

bedsores

first degree burn

burn in which the only eopidermis becomes red and swollen

malignant melanoma

cancer of melanocytes

squamous cell carcinoma

cancer of stratum spinsoum cells

contact dermatitis

exposure to chemicals promotes itching, swelling, and redness of the skin

athlete's foot

fungus infection between toes

basal cell carcinoma

malignancy of the lowest epidermal layer

seborrhea

overactivity of sebaceous glands that results in dandruff

psoriasis

overproduction of skin cell causing dry, silver scales

serous membrane

peritoneum, pericardium, and pleura are examples of this type of membrane

arrector pili muscle

smooth muscle bands of tissue that connect each hair follicle to dermal tissue

impetigo

staphylococcus bacterial infection causing water-filled lesions around the mouth and nose

apocrine gland

sudoriferous glands largely confined to the axillary region

serous membrane

type of membrane that contains a visceral and a pariental layer

cutaneous membrane

type of membrane that forms the skin

mucous membrane

type of membrane that lines open body cavities

synovial membrane

type of membrane that lines the fibrous capsulses surrounding joints

serous membrane

type of membrane that secrets fluids around organs

papillary layer

upper layer of the dermis

C. 2, 4, 3, 5, 1

A needle would pierce the epidermal layers of the forearm in which order: 1. stratum basale 2. stratum corneum 3. stratum granulosum 4. stratum lucidum 5. stratum spinosum A. 1, 3, 5, 2, 4 B. 1, 3, 2, 4, 5 C. 2, 4, 3, 5, 1 D. 1, 5, 3, 4, 2 E. 2, 4, 3, 1, 5

B. using the "rules of nines"

A physician estimates the volume of fluid lost in a severely burned patient by: A. blood analysis B. using the "rule of nines" C. measuring urinary output and fluid intake D. performing enzyme studies E. observing the tissues that are usually moist

true

A serous membrane is composed of a layer of simple squamous epithelium resting on a thin layer of areolar connective tissue. True False

E. stratum basale

A splinter penetrates to the deepest layer of the epidermis on your foot. This layer is: A. stratum lucidum B. stratum corneum C. stratum granulosum D. stratum spinosum E. stratum basale

E. keratin

Although you get wet while swimming, a tough protein within the skin prevents it from soaking up moisture like a sponge. This substance is: A. carotene B. melanin C. mucus D. serous fluid E. keratin

B. dermal papillae

Finger-like upward projections of the dermis into the epidermis are called: A. hair bulbs B. dermal papillae C. Meissner's corpuscles D. Pacinian corpuscles E. hair follicles

true

Hair is produced by the hair bulb and is composed primarily of dead keratinized cells. True False

C. second degree

If you see blisters and a burn is painful, what would the burn classification be? A. third degree B. first degree C. second degree D. full thickness

C. the arrector pili muscles contract to stand hairs upright

In order to warm the body up when cold: A. sebaceous glands release oil B. vitamin D is synthesized C. the arrector pili muscles contract to stand hairs upright D. sudoriferous glands release sweat E. melanin is produced

false

Joe just burned his hand on a hot pot. A blister forms and the burn is painful; Joe's burn would best be described as a third-degree burn. True False

E. age

Male pattern baldness has a genetic switch that turns on in response to: A. weight B. female hormones C. size D. male hormones E. age

false

Melanin is found in the uppermost layer of skin and helps prevent water loss. True False

C. stratum basale

Melanocytes are found in the: A. stratum corneum B. stratum lucidum C. stratum basale D. stratum spinosum E. stratum granulosum

false

Melanocytes are nerve cells that function in touch reception True False

true

Membranes that line body cavities that have openings to the exterior of the body are called mucous membranes. True False

false

Milia is most common during old age when secretions accumulate in the sebaceous glands. True False

B. diffusion

Nutrients reach the surface of the skin (epidermis) through the process of: A. evaporation B. diffusion C. absorption D. filtration E. osmosis

matrix

divides to form hair cells