Chapter 4 (test 1)

The primary role of _____ is to bind animal cells together.

desmosomes

Which statement about extracellular structures (plant cell walls and the extracellular matrix of animal cells) is correct? -Proteins and lipids are common components of extracellular structures. -Information can be transmitted from these extracellular structures to the cytoplasm. -All extracellular structures form barriers to separate adjacent cells. -Extracellular structures store energy in the form of polysaccharides for subsequent metabolism by the cell. -Extracellular structures regulate the passage of water molecules across the cell membrane.

-Information can be transmitted from these extracellular structures to the cytoplasm.

Which of the following is/are likely to limit the maximum size of a cell? the cell's surface-to-volume ratio the time it takes a molecule to diffuse across a cell the shape of the cell All of the choices are correct. None of the choices is correct.

All of the choices are correct.

Where is a bacterial cell's DNA found?

nucleoid region

A cell with an abundance of free ribosomes is most likely

producing primarily cytoplasmic proteins.

A cell has formed a food vacuole as it ingested a food particle. Which of the following events is associated with the breakdown of that food particle? -Digestion of the food particle occurs in a vesicle enclosed by a membrane that separates the digestion from the cytoplasm. -Proteins for digestion of the food are made by ribosomes in the Golgi apparatus. -Enzymes for the breakdown of the food are delivered to the food vacuole from the cytosol. -The membrane of the food vacuole is derived from the cell wall. -Proteins for digestion of the food particle were initially processed in mitochondria.

-Digestion of the food particle occurs in a vesicle enclosed by a membrane that separates the digestion from the cytoplasm.

Select the correct statement describing cellular structure or function. -Mitochondria and chloroplasts are part of the endomembrane system of the eukaryotic cell. -Only plant cells contain chloroplasts, and only animal cells contain mitochondria. -Plant and animal cells both carry out cellular respiration, producing ATP.

-Plant and animal cells both carry out cellular respiration, producing ATP.

Which statement correctly describes the nuclear envelope of a eukaryotic cell? -The nuclear envelope is a single membrane, consisting of a phospholipid bilayer. -Plasmadesmosomes in the nuclear envelope permit the exchange of macromolecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. -All of the proteins of the cell are synthesized on ribosomes bound on the nuclear envelope. -The nuclear envelope is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum. -The outer layer of the nuclear envelope is coated with laminin.

-The nuclear envelope is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum.

The cell walls of bacteria, fungi, and plant cells and the extracellular matrix of animal cells are all external to the plasma membrane. Which of the following is a characteristic common to all of these extracellular structures? -They are composed of complex mixtures of lipids and carbohydrates. -They have pores that regulate the exchange of water and small molecules between cells and their environment. -They provide a rigid structure that prevents the uptake of excess water into cells. -They are constructed of polymers that are synthesized in the cytoplasm and then transported out of the cell for assembly.

-They are constructed of polymers that are synthesized in the cytoplasm and then transported out of the cell for assembly.

Which structure-function pair is MISMATCHED? -ribosome; protein synthesis -microtubule; muscle contraction -Golgi; protein trafficking -nucleolus; production of ribosomal subunits

-microtubule; muscle contraction

Which of the following functions is NOT associated with the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells? -the contraction of muscle cells in animals -the beating of cilia or flagella -maintaining the position of the nucleus in the cell -determining the shape of animal cells -movement of RNA molecules from the nucleus to the cytoplasm

-movement of RNA molecules from the nucleus to the cytoplasm

Which of the following statements correctly describes a function of the Golgi apparatus? -synthesis of cytoplasmic proteins -detoxification of toxins -assembly of ribosomal subunits -protein modification and sorting

-protein modification and sorting

Some key innovations in the evolution of eukaryotes from a prokaryotic ancestor are membrane-bound organelles. Which of the following organelles or features is likely to be a common component shared by both eukaryotic cells and their prokaryotic ancestors? -ribosomes -chloroplasts -mitochondria -nuclear envelope

-ribosomes

Which of these cell junctions form a barrier to the passage of materials? -keratin fibers -desmosomes (anchoring junctions) -gap (communicating) junctions -tight junctions -plasmodesmata

-tight junctions

Which of the following are common traits of chloroplasts and mitochondria? -Both are surrounded by a single membrane. -Both are found in plant and animal cells. -Both reproduce by meiosis. -Both have their own DNA. -Proteins for both are synthesized on ribosomes in the rough ER.

Both have their own DNA.

Which of the following correctly compares the extracellular matrix (ECM) of animal cells to cell walls of plant cells? Cell walls and ECMs provide for tight contact between adjacent cells. Both the ECM and plant cell walls provide rigid structures that determine the shape of their respective cells. The ECM and plant cell walls completely cover the plasma membrane of their respective cells. The structures that are external to the plasma membrane are essentially independent of the plasma membrane in both groups. Both the ECM and the plant cell wall are composed of varying mixtures of proteins and carbohydrates.

Both the ECM and the plant cell wall are composed of varying mixtures of proteins and carbohydrates.

Which of the following statements about chloroplasts and mitochondria is true? Chloroplasts and mitochondria have three sets of membranes. Chloroplasts and mitochondria are components of the endomembrane system. Chloroplasts and mitochondria synthesize some of their own proteins. Mitochondria, but not chloroplasts, contain a small amount of DNA. Chloroplasts, but not mitochondria, are completely independent of the cell of which they are a part.

Chloroplasts and mitochondria synthesize some of their own proteins.

Which statement about the cytoskeleton is true? Intermediate filaments are hollow tubes of protein that provide structural support. Plant cells lack a cytoskeleton because they have a rigid cell wall. Microfilaments are more permanent structures in cells compared to intermediate filaments and microtubules. Microtubules are chains of proteins that resist stretching. Components of the cytoskeleton often mediate the movement of organelles within the cytoplasm.

Components of the cytoskeleton often mediate the movement of organelles within the cytoplasm.

In terms of cellular function, what is the most important difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Eukaryotic cells are compartmentalized, which allows for specialization.

_____ are surface appendages that allow a bacterium to stick to a surface.

Fimbriae

_____ aid in the coordination of the activities of adjacent animal cells.

Gap (communicating) junctions

A researcher made an interesting observation about a protein made by the rough endoplasmic reticulum and eventually found in a cell's plasma membrane. The protein in the plasma membrane was actually slightly different from the protein made in the ER. The protein was probably altered in the __________.

Golgi apparatus

Which of the following is FALSE? The folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane are called cristae. Mitochondria are involved in energy metabolism. The mitochondria possess their own DNA. Mitochondria have more than one membrane. Mitochondria contain ribosomes in the intermembrane space.

Mitochondria contain ribosomes in the intermembrane space.

Microtubules and microfilaments commonly work with which of the following to perform many of their functions? lysosomes ribosomes Golgi apparatus RNA None of the listed responses is correct.

None of the listed responses is correct.

Which of the following is a possible reason for grouping the peroxisomes with chloroplasts and mitochondria? They are all involved in ATP synthesis. They all contain two or more membranes. They all contain DNA and make some of their own proteins. They are all part of the plastid family of organelles. None of these organelles are part of the endomembrane system.

None of these organelles are part of the endomembrane system.

What is the functional connection between the nucleolus, nuclear pores, and the nuclear membrane?

Subunits of ribosomes are assembled in the nucleolus and pass through the nuclear membrane via the nuclear pores.

Which of the following is/are possible site(s) of protein synthesis in a typical eukaryotic cell? the cytoplasm the rough endoplasmic reticulum in mitochondria The first two answers are correct. The first three answers are correct.

The first three answers are correct.

Which of the following statements correctly describes a common characteristic of a plant cell wall and an animal cell extracellular matrix? Both are permeable to water and small solutes. Both are synthesized in the ER and Golgi apparatus. Both are composed primarily of carbohydrates. The first two answers are correct. The first three answers are correct.

The first two answers are correct.

Your intestine is lined with individual cells. No fluids leak between these cells from the gut into your body. Why?

The intestinal cells are bound together by tight junctions.

In addition to the fundamental structures required to be defined as a cell, which of the following cells -also have a nucleus and -chloroplasts? a bacterium a cell from a pine tree a cell from the intestinal lining of a cow a yeast (fungus) cell a protistal cell and a plant cell

a protistal cell and a plant cell

A cell has the following molecules and structures: enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane, and mitochondria. It could be a cell from

any eukaryotic organism.

Consider two cells with the same volume but with very different surface areas due to differences in their shapes. The cell with the larger surface area is likely to __________.

be involved in the rapid uptake of compounds from the cell's environment

Which of the following is the simplest collection of matter that can live? Organ cell molecules tissue None of the listed responses is correct.

cell

What name is given to the rigid structure, found outside the plasma membrane, that surrounds and supports the bacterial cell?

cell wall

Which of the following correctly matches an organelle with its function?

central vacuole ... storage

Which of the following structures is found in animal cells but NOT plant cells? Golgi apparatus plasma membrane centrioles rough endoplasmic reticulum mitochondria

centrioles

Basal bodies are most closely associated with which of the following cell components? cilia mitochondria Golgi apparatus nucleus the central vacuole

cilia

Motor proteins provide for molecular transport of materials in cells by interacting with what types of cellular structures?

cytoskeletal structures

Where would you expect to find proteins involved with movement of structures within a cell?

cytoskeleton

Consider a protein that is made in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. You observe that when the synthesis of the protein is completed, the protein is located in the ER membrane. Where else in the cell might this protein be found?

embedded in the plasma membrane, functioning in the transport of molecules into the cell

Which of the following may be found in eukaryotic cells, but not in bacteria?

endoplasmic reticulum

A 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules, consisting of nine doublets of microtubules surrounding a pair of single microtubules, is associated with

eukaryotic flagella and motile cilia

Which of the following is/are most likely to be involved in the process of producing proteins for a chloroplast or mitochondrion? transport vesicles rough endoplasmic reticulum free cytoplasmic ribosomes smooth endoplasmic reticulum the Golgi apparatus

free cytoplasmic ribosomes

Which of the following organelles can be found in abundance in the pancreatic cells that secrete large amounts of digestive enzymes? Golgi apparatus transport vesicles free cytoplasmic ribosomes rough endoplasmic reticulum All of the listed responses will increase in pancreatic cells secreting digestive enzymes.

free cytoplasmic ribosomes

Ions can travel directly from the cytoplasm of one animal cell to the cytoplasm of an adjacent cell through

gap junctions.

Chloroplasts and mitochondria are thought to be of prokaryotic origin. One piece of evidence that supports this hypothesis is that these organelles contain prokaryotic-like ribosomes. These ribosomes are probably most similar to ribosomes found __________.

in bacterial cells

A protein that ultimately functions in the plasma membrane of a cell is most likely to have been synthesized __________.

in the rough endoplasmic reticulum

The walls of plant cells are largely composed of polysaccharides and proteins that are synthesized __________.

in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and in the Golgi apparatus

Bacterial cells are prokaryotic. Unlike a typical eukaryotic cell they __________.

lack membrane-bounded organelles in their cytoplasm

A researcher wants to film the movement of chromosomes during cell division. Which type of microscope should she choose and why is it the best choice?

light microscope, because the specimen is alive

Which of the following categories best describes the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum? manufacturing information storage energy processing structural support of cells breakdown of complex foods

manufacturing

The cilia and flagella of eukaryotic cells are composed of _____.

microtubules

Which of the following structures is found in eukaryotic but not prokaryotic cells? plasma membrane cytosol mitochondria ribosomes DNA

mitochondria

Which of the following five membranes is most likely to have a lipid composition that is distinct from the other four? lysosome membrane plasma membrane mitochondrial outer membrane Golgi apparatus endoplasmic reticulum

mitochondrial outer membrane

Which structure is common to plant and animal cells?

mitochondrion

Cilia and flagella move due to the interaction of the cytoskeleton with which of the following? pseudopodia tubulin motor proteins actin mitochondria

motor proteins

Which type of cell is most likely to have the most mitochondria? bacterial cells that are growing on sugars photosynthetic cells in the leaves of a tree inactive yeast cells that are stored for future use muscle cells in the legs of a marathon runner nondividing cells in the skin on your finger

muscle cells in the legs of a marathon runner

The observation that chloroplasts and mitochondria each contain their own DNA and synthesize some of the proteins that function in these organelles suggests that chloroplasts and mitochondria __________.

must divide each time the cell containing them divides

The chemical reactions involved in respiration in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are virtually identical. In eukaryotic cells, ATP is synthesized primarily on the inner membrane of the mitochondria. In light of the endosymbiont theory for the evolutionary origin of mitochondria, where is most ATP synthesis likely to occur in prokaryotic cells?

on the plasma membrane

In an animal cell, DNA may be found

only in the nucleus and mitochondria.

The _____ is the bacterial structure that acts as a selective barrier, allowing nutrients to enter the cell and wastes to leave the cell.

plasma membrane

Dye injected into a plant cell might be able to enter an adjacent cell through __________.

plasmodesmata

What is the function of a bacterium's capsule?

protection

In a bacterium, where are proteins synthesized?

ribosomes

Which of the following organelles might be found inside other organelles? mitochondria the nucleolus transport vesicles ribosomes No organelles are found inside of other organelles.

ribosomes

Which of the following features do prokaryotes and eukaryotes have in common? nucleus, plasma membrane, ribosomes ribosomes, nucleus, plasma membrane mitochondria, ribosomes, cytoplasm mitochondria, cytoplasm, plasma membrane ribosomes, plasma membrane, cytoplasm

ribosomes, plasma membrane, cytoplasm

Which of the following groups is primarily involved in synthesizing molecules needed by the cell? ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and smooth endoplasmic reticulum rough endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, and vacuole vacuole, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and smooth endoplasmic reticulum smooth endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, and vacuole lysosomes, vacuoles, and ribosomes

ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Which structure is the site of the synthesis of proteins destined for export from the cell?

rough ER

You would expect a cell with an extensive Golgi apparatus to ___________.

secrete a lot of protein

Cell fractionation __________.

separates cells into their smallest component parts

The liver is involved in detoxification of many poisons and drugs. Which of the following structures is primarily involved in this process and therefore abundant in liver cells? -nuclear envelope -rough ER -Golgi apparatus -lysosomes -smooth ER

smooth ER

A dish of animal cells was grown in the presence of radioactive phosphorous. The phosphorous largely ended up in nucleotides inside the actively growing animal cells. In which cellular structure(s) would you predict the majority of the radioactive phosphorous to accumulate? the Golgi apparatus the Golgi apparatus and the nucleus rough endoplasmic reticulum rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus the nucleus

the nucleus

A substance moving from outside the cell into the cytoplasm must pass through __________.

the plasma membrane

When biologists wish to study the internal ultrastructure of cells, they can achieve the finest resolution by using a

transmission electronic microscope.

Which of the following clues would tell you if a cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

whether or not the cell is partitioned by internal membranes