Chapter 40 Musculoskeletal Care Modalities [Brunner]

A cast can be dented while it is damp

A freshly applied cast should be exposed to circulating air to dry and should not be covered with clothing or bed linens or placed on plastic-coated mats or bedding

Splints are noncircumferential and will not compromise circulation when swelling is expected

A splint is applied to support and immobilize the injured joint; a fracture will swell as part of the inflammation process

Generally, the joints proximal and distal to the fracture

Are immobilized to promote healing

Crossing the affected leg may result in

Dislocation of the hip after total hip replacement ***knees should be kept apart at all times, put a pillow between the legs when sleeping and avoid bending forward when seated in a chair

Isometric exercises allow for use of the muscle without moving the bone

Doing isometric exercises every hour while the client is awake will help prevent disuse syndrome

Most pain can be relieved by

Elevating the casted part of the body, and by applying cold packs as prescribed and administering analgesics

A body cast

Encloses the trunk

A hip spica cast

Encloses the trunk and a lower extremity

A short leg cast

Extends from below the knee to the base of the toes. The foot is flexed at a right angle in a neutral position.

A long leg cast

Extends from the junction of the upper and middle third of the thigh to the base of the toes. The knee may be slightly flexed.

An osteotomy

Is a surgical cutting of bone

Arthrodesis

Is a surgical fusion of a joint

A fasciotomy

Is a surgical procedure to release constriction muscle fascia so as to relieve muscle tissue pressure

An arthroplasty

Is a surgical repair of a joint

A brace

Is an externally applied device to support a body part, control movement, and prevent injury

CMP device

Is an instrument that moves a body part to promote healing and circulation

A trapeze

Is an overhead device to promote client mobility in bed

Chlorhexidine solution

Is recommended as the most effective cleansing solution; however, water and saline are alternate choices

An open reduction

Is the correction and alignment of the fracture after surgical dissection and exposure of the fractures

A total joint athroplasty

Is the replacement of both the articular surfaces within a joint with metal of synthetic materials

A splint

May be applied to a fractured extremity initially until swelling subsides

Traction is used to

Minimize muscle spasms To reduce, align, and immobilize fractures, and reduce deformity Increase the space between opposing surfaces

Applying antiembolism stockings helps

Prevent deep vein thrombosis in a client who is immobilized due to orthopedic surgery

Indentations in the cast can cause skin irritation and breakdown

The physician needs to be notified to assess the need for a new cast or manipulation of the current cast to prevent the skin breakdown

A fiberglass cast will give off heat when applied

The reaction is a normal, temporary sensation; heat is given off during the application phase of the cast does not burn the skin

Skeletal traction is never interrupted

The weights are not removed unless intermittent treatment is prescribed The weights must hang freely, with the client in good alignment in the center of the bed

Educating the client on cast care and complications is essential

To achieve optimal outcomes

A casted extremity should be elevated frequently to heart level

To prevent swelling

Meniscectomy refers to the a) replacement of one of the articular surfaces of a joint. b) excision of damaged joint fibrocartilage. c) incision and diversion of the muscle fascia. d) removal of a body part.

b) excision of damaged joint fibrocartilage. Explanation: The most common site for meniscectomy is the knee; the procedure refers to the excision of damaged joint fibrocartilage. Fasciotomy refers to the incision and diversion of the muscle fascia to relieve muscle constriction. Hemiarthroplasty refers to the replacement of one of the articular surfaces of a joint. Amputation refers to the removal of a body part. pg.1116

A joint arthroplasty or replacement is

replacement of joint surfaces with metal or synthetic materials