Chapter 40 Musculoskeletal Care Modalities [Brunner]
A cast can be dented while it is damp
A freshly applied cast should be exposed to circulating air to dry and should not be covered with clothing or bed linens or placed on plastic-coated mats or bedding
Splints are noncircumferential and will not compromise circulation when swelling is expected
A splint is applied to support and immobilize the injured joint; a fracture will swell as part of the inflammation process
Generally, the joints proximal and distal to the fracture
Are immobilized to promote healing
Crossing the affected leg may result in
Dislocation of the hip after total hip replacement ***knees should be kept apart at all times, put a pillow between the legs when sleeping and avoid bending forward when seated in a chair
Isometric exercises allow for use of the muscle without moving the bone
Doing isometric exercises every hour while the client is awake will help prevent disuse syndrome
Most pain can be relieved by
Elevating the casted part of the body, and by applying cold packs as prescribed and administering analgesics
A body cast
Encloses the trunk
A hip spica cast
Encloses the trunk and a lower extremity
A short leg cast
Extends from below the knee to the base of the toes. The foot is flexed at a right angle in a neutral position.
A long leg cast
Extends from the junction of the upper and middle third of the thigh to the base of the toes. The knee may be slightly flexed.
An osteotomy
Is a surgical cutting of bone
Arthrodesis
Is a surgical fusion of a joint
A fasciotomy
Is a surgical procedure to release constriction muscle fascia so as to relieve muscle tissue pressure
An arthroplasty
Is a surgical repair of a joint
A brace
Is an externally applied device to support a body part, control movement, and prevent injury
CMP device
Is an instrument that moves a body part to promote healing and circulation
A trapeze
Is an overhead device to promote client mobility in bed
Chlorhexidine solution
Is recommended as the most effective cleansing solution; however, water and saline are alternate choices
An open reduction
Is the correction and alignment of the fracture after surgical dissection and exposure of the fractures
A total joint athroplasty
Is the replacement of both the articular surfaces within a joint with metal of synthetic materials
A splint
May be applied to a fractured extremity initially until swelling subsides
Traction is used to
Minimize muscle spasms To reduce, align, and immobilize fractures, and reduce deformity Increase the space between opposing surfaces
Applying antiembolism stockings helps
Prevent deep vein thrombosis in a client who is immobilized due to orthopedic surgery
Indentations in the cast can cause skin irritation and breakdown
The physician needs to be notified to assess the need for a new cast or manipulation of the current cast to prevent the skin breakdown
A fiberglass cast will give off heat when applied
The reaction is a normal, temporary sensation; heat is given off during the application phase of the cast does not burn the skin
Skeletal traction is never interrupted
The weights are not removed unless intermittent treatment is prescribed The weights must hang freely, with the client in good alignment in the center of the bed
Educating the client on cast care and complications is essential
To achieve optimal outcomes
A casted extremity should be elevated frequently to heart level
To prevent swelling
Meniscectomy refers to the a) replacement of one of the articular surfaces of a joint. b) excision of damaged joint fibrocartilage. c) incision and diversion of the muscle fascia. d) removal of a body part.
b) excision of damaged joint fibrocartilage. Explanation: The most common site for meniscectomy is the knee; the procedure refers to the excision of damaged joint fibrocartilage. Fasciotomy refers to the incision and diversion of the muscle fascia to relieve muscle constriction. Hemiarthroplasty refers to the replacement of one of the articular surfaces of a joint. Amputation refers to the removal of a body part. pg.1116
A joint arthroplasty or replacement is
replacement of joint surfaces with metal or synthetic materials