Chapter 4.5

Type 2 diabetes

body cells become resistant (less responsive) to insulin; develops progressively; most common trigger is obesity; symptoms include any of the type 1 signs and symptoms; greater frequency of infections, sudden vision changes, slow healing of wounds or sores, tingling or numbness in hands or feet, very dry skin

If you are physically active, it is especially important to replenish the fuel you burn by eating enough _______.

carbohydrates

Ketoacidosis can result in

coma and death

Impaired fasting glucose

glucose levels are higher than normal but not high enough to indicate a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes

Type 1 diabetes destroys the

insulin-producing cells of the pancreas

The richest dietary source of resistant starch is

legumes

Which of the following conditions is NOT associated with untreated diabetes?

osteoporosis; kidney failure, cardiovascular disease, and blindness ARE associated with untreated diabetes

When two or more tests of fasting glucose fall within the values 100-125 mg/dL, these results indicate

prediabetes

Insoluble fiber consumption is associated with decreased

risk of diverticulosis

Type 1 diabetes

the body cannot produce enough insulin; an autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system attacks and destroys its own tissues; symptoms include increased or frequent urination, excessive thirst, constant hunger unexplained weight loss, extreme fatigue, blurred vision

Which of the following is TRUE regarding type 1 diabetes?

treatment always involves insulin therapy

The hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine regulate blood glucose levels by

triggering glycogen breakdown in the liver, resulting in a subsequent increase in the release of glucose into the bloodstream; increase gluconeogenesis; responsible for flight-or-flight response to danger

Which of the following is the MOST prevalent form of diabetes?

type 2

People with impaired fasting glucose are more likely to develop ______ than those with normal fasting blood glucose levels.

type 2 diabetes

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of type 1 diabetes?

unexplained weight gain; unexplained weight loss, excessive thirst, and frequent urination ARE symptoms of Type 1 diabetes

Prediabetes fasting glucose value

100-1425 mg/dL

Diabetes fasting glucose value

126 mg/dL

Up to what percentage of a person's total energy intake should carbohydrates make up, based on the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR)?

65%

Normal fasting glucose value

70-99 mg/dL

Saccharin use is associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer in humans

False

The only way a person with diabetes can test his or her blood glucose level is with a finger prick.

False

It is safe for pregnant women to consume artificial sweeteners in moderate amounts.

True

Type 2 diabetes shares many of the same symptoms as type 1 diabetes.

True

Diabetes

a chronic disease in which the body can no longer regulate glucose within normal limits, and hyperglycemia becomes chronic; damages blood vessels

Hyperglycemia

a condition in which the level of glucose in the blood is higher than normal

Prediabetes

a term used synonymously with impaired fasting glucose; it is a condition considered to be a major risk factor for both type 2 diabetes and heart disease

The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for carbohydrates is ______ of total energy intake.

45-65 %

Which of the following is NOT associated with eating meals that have a lower glycemic load?

dramatic fluctuations in blood glucose; It IS however associated with a higher fiber intake, reduced risk for prostate cancer and other diseases, and higher blood levels of high-density lipoproteins (HDLs)

Non-nutritive sweeteners are so-called because they provide little or no _________.

energy