chapter 5

body odor results when bacteria breaks down the secretion of _______ sweat glands

appocrine

appocrine sweat glands are found only in the ________ and ________

armpits and genitals

name the feature of the skin that creates your fingerprints

arrangement of dermal papillae

indicate the areas of the body that contain apocrine sweat glands

axilae genitalia

the nail matrix is the thickened starum _____ growth region at the proximal end of the nail

basale

appocrine sweat glands become active ________-

beginning at puberty

a person's skin will become relatively pale when they are exposed to cold temperatures for a long period of time because __________

blood flow to the dermis decreases to conserve core body heat

which the following accurately describe why your skin appears reddish after heavy exercise?

blood flow to the dermis increases to remove excess heat from the core the blood vessels of the dermis become dilated increasing blood flow to the skin and enhancing the flush

select all of the components of the dermis

blood vessels fibers nerve fibers glands

a characteristic of stratified epithelium of the epidermis that protects against abrasion is the formation of increased layers of the staratum corneum in areas subject to heavy friction or pressure. this is called a(n) _____

callus

the dermis contains receptors that detect _____-

changes in pressure touch pain variations in temperature

one factor in determining skin color is the thickness of the stratum ____________

corneum

on a hair, the outermost layer is composoed of overlapping cells. this layer is called the ________

cuticle

decreased blood oxygen content leads to a blush skin tone. the skin tone is called ______

cyanosis

dark brown to black pigmentation of the skin results from ________

deposition of melanin by melanocytes

in some areas of the body the boundary between the dermis and epidermis is irregular. The wavy upward projections of the dermis are called

dermal papillae

stretch marks occur where there are ruptures (tears) in the __________

dermis

name the layer from which fingernails and toenails are derived

epidermis

the most superficial layer of skin is the _______

epidermis

identify structural features of the subcutaneous tissue

is deep to the dermis contains blood vessels is not considered one of the layers of the skin

indicate which statements apply to keratin

it is a waxy protein mixture it gives the epidermis its ability to resist abrasion

describe the lunula

it is the half-moon shaped region at the proximal end of the nail bed

an accumulation of bite pigments in tissue can lead to a yellowish skin color, called ___________. this can occur when the liver is damaged by a disease, such viral hepatitis

jaundice

the type of epithelium that makes up the epidermis is _______

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

list the two types of sweat glands

apocrine and eccrine glands

place the following layers associated with the skin in order from superficial to the deepest layer

1: epidermis 2: dermis 3:hypodermis

place the layers of the epidermis in order from deepest to most superficial

1; startum basale 2; intermediate strata 3; stratum corneum

list the strata of the epidermis from the deepest layer to the most superficial

1; stratum basale 2: intermediate strata 3:stratum coreum

which of the following situations would you expect if your patient had very low levels of vitamin D?

a lower than normal concentration of calcium and phosphate in the blood

identify the functions of the integumentary system

excretion of wastes thermoregulation vitamin d synthesis sensation of environmental stimuli resistance to infection

the sensory receptors of the skin are critical for monitoring the _____ environment

external

burns that result in redness,pain and edema but do not blister are classified as ______ -degree burns

first

the causes of burns include

friction chemicals electricity heat

identify the accessory skin structures

glands nails hair

unlike the growth pattern of hair,nails, __________

grow continuously throughout life do not have a resting stage

when large amounts of carotene are consumed,the excess accumulates in all of the following locations except _________

hair shaft and finger nails

an individual that has a higher deposition of melanin in the skin would most likely

have darker skin

which stimull are detected by receptors in the skin

heat pressure touch

indicate the stimuil for the sweat produced by the eccrine glands of the skin

heating the body emotional stress

the organs of the intergumentary system have several functions. which component best serves as thermal insulation

hypodermis

the subcutaneous tissue is also called the _____

hypodermis

exposure to sunlight leads to which of the follwowing

increased melanin production and darkening of the skin

muscle contraction during exercise increases body temperature. the intergumentary system can help dissipate heat by __________

increasing activity of sweat gland altering blood flow beneath the skin

the stratum corneum is composed of all except ____

living tissue

the subcutaneous tissue is largely composed of adipose tissue and ___ ______ tissue

loose connective

the symptoms of first degree burns ______________

may result in redness,pain,and slight edema or swelling heal in a week or so without scarring

the cells contributing to skin color are the ________

melancoctyes

the group of plgments known collectively as ______ is responsible for protecting skin cells from uv damage

melanin

ultraviolet radiation damage to deep tissues is minimized by ______

melanin deposited in the epidermis

all the epithelial cells of the epidermis can contain melanin, but only the _______ produce it

melanocytes

these components of the integument grow continuously and do not have a resting stage

nails

sebaceous glands secrete ______ as their product

oils

sebaceous glands produce secretion that is characterized as which of the following

oily

indicate the statements that apply to eccrine sweat glands

open directly onton the surface of the skin through sweat pores simple.coiled,tubular glands

if high levels of carotene are present in the body the skin may appear _______ in color

orange

when you are exposed to the cold for a prolonged period of time, the blood vessels of the dermis will constrict causing the skin to become ______, this allows the body to _____ heat

pale,conserve

gases,nutrients and waste materials are most easily exahanged between the blood and the epidemis through the epidermis through the vessels located in the ____ layer of the dermis

papillary

shaft

part of hair above the surface of the skin

root

part of the hair below the surface of the skin

an important aspect of prevention of water loss by the skin is most likely related to

preventing overall dehydration of the body

indicate the statements that describe the function of sebum

prevents the drying of the skin surface protects against some bacteria

indicate a factor which may directly determine the amount and rate of melanin production in an individual

single mutation in melanin gene

the functions of vitamin D include

stimulating uptake of Ca2+ and phosphate from the interstines

choose the functions of the subcutaneous tissue

storage of energy(lipids) insulation and padding

the layer of epidermis which is composed of dead squamous cells that is filied with keratin is the __________ _______-

stratum corneum

follicle

surrounds the part of the hair below the surface of the skin

which of the following are true of the keratinized epithelial cell of the stratum corneum but not of those keratinocytes in the stratum bassale

the keratinized epithelial cells are dead the keratinized epithelial cells are full of keratin

as keratinized epthielial cells move up through the layers of the epidermis, which event occurs

the most superficial keratinzed epithelial cells begin to slough off

true or false: the skin has an excretory functions

true

one function of the skin is excretion. indicate the compounds excreted in small amounts via sweat

urea ammonia salts

a melanosome can be defined as a _______

vesicle within melanocytes that contain melanin

touch receptors of the skin are located in all of these areas, expect __________

within the hair of the dermis and epidermis

carotene imparts a ______ color to healthy skin

yellow

carotene is a __________ plgment found in plants

yellow