Chapter 5: LearnSmart

a multicellular exocrine gland consists of __

acini and at least one duct

which structure binds epithelial tissue to connective tissue?

basement membrane

__ is a fluid connective tissue composed of formed elements and matrix

blood

the type of connective tissue characterized by osteons with lacunae that is functionally used to support and protect other tissues in the body is compact __ connective tissue

bone

which of the following types of muscle often bifurcates (branches) and its cells are connected by intercalated discs?

cardiac

which are functions of bone?

carries out hemopoiesis, stores calcium and phosphorus, provides levers for movement, protection of vital organs

___ tissues function to support tissues and bind structures together

connective

which statements describe the location of epithelial tissue?

covers body surfaces, lines many organs, covers many organs, lines body cavities

the __ membrane is commonly called skin

cutaneous

the majority of glands are composed of __

epithelial tissue

match the tissue type with its general function

epithelial: covers surfaces and lines body cavities and organs connective: protects, binds together and supports organs muscle: facilitates movement nervous: controls activities, processes information

this type of gland has a duct and carries its secretions to the surface of the body or the lumen of an organ

exocrine

true/false: collagen fibers form a structural connective tissue framework which help them to support organs and resist external forces

false

many areas of spongy bone contain __ cells, which are responsible for producing new blood cells

hematopoletic

which statements characterizes smooth muscle tissue?

it is involuntary, it is found in the walls of most viscera

which statements characterize skeletal muscle tissue?

it is voluntary, it is striated, it is multinucleated

__ occurs when mature epithelium changes to another form of mature epithelium due to environmental stressors

metaplasia

tiny, cytoplasmic projections on the apical surface of a cell that increases the surface area for secretion and absorption are called __

microvilli

of the four types of the body membranes, the two principal types of internal membranes are __ and __ membranes

mucous, serous

these epithelial cells form a single layer of tall, narrow cells whose apical membranes may have microvilli for increased absorption and secretion

nonciliated simple columnar

hyaline cartilage is located ___

nose, fetal skeleton, ends of long bones, costal cartilages

the lining of the larynx consists of what type of epithelial tissue?

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

which are characteristics of collagen fibers?

resist stretching, appear white in fresh tissues, strong and flexible

choose the type of connective tissue one would find in the stroma of lymph nodes, in the spleen, the thymus and in bone marrow

reticular

which of the following epithelial cells are flat, wide and somewhat irregular in shape?

squamous

which are considered the functions of connective tissue?

storage and transport, binding and support of structures, physical protection

a __ epithelium contains two or more layers of epithelial cells

stratified

which statements characterize serous membrane?

they contain a parietal and visceral layer, the pericardium is an example

which statements characterize mucous membranes?

they line the digestive tract, they perform secretory functions, they secrete mucus

true/false: areolar connective tissue is found nearly everywhere in the body

true

true/false: epithelium acts as gatekeepers to control the movement of substances into the body

true

true/false: ground substance is produced by connective tissue cells

true

true/false: most connective tissue cells are not in direct contact with each other

true

cells that move throughout connective tissues and are involved in immune protection are __

wandering cells

the __ membrane is the largest body membrane and contains stratified squamous epithelium

cutaneous

which two statements characterize simple squamous epithelial tissue?

it allows for rapid diffusion or filtration, it lines blood vessels

this type of epithelium is known for its ability to move structure like the oocyte in a uterine tube or small particles in the bronchioles of the lung

ciliated simple columnar epithelium

which type of protein fiber, in connective tissue, is the most abundant type of protein in the body and appears pink under the microscope when stained with hemotoxylin and eosin?

collagen

loose connective tissues is best categorized as which of the following tissue types?

connective tissue proper

which type of epithelium is one cell layer thick?

simple

three functions of bone include __

support of soft tissues, storage of calcium, protection of organs

dense irregular connective tissue is found in __

the dermis of skin

a __ is formed when a sperm fertilizes an oocyte and forms a diploid cell

zygote

sacs that produce secretions of multicellular exocrine glands are __

acini

which three are functions of adipose tissue?

acts as an insulator to slow heat loss, cushions shock, provides padding

__ connective tissue serves as padding and acts as an insulator to slow heat loss through the skin

adipose

these connective tissue cells are closely packed together and have nuclei squeezed to one side by the material that it stores

adipose

match epithelial cell surface with its description

apical: exposed to surface or lumen lateral: have intercellular connections basal: where epithelium is attached to underlying connective tissue

keratinized stratified squamous epithelial tissue is located __

as the epidermis of the skin

the opposite of hypertrophy is called __

atrophy

skeletal muscle tissue is found __

attached to bones

which option best explains why nutrients for epithelial cells are obtained by diffusion from the underlying connective tissue?

avascularity

the long nerve cell process that extends from the cell which carries outgoing signals to other cells is called a(n)

axon

a thin extracellular layer upon which an epithelium rests is called a __ membrane

basement

which is an example of a supporting connective tissue?

cartilage

connective tissue, although diverse, share the following basic components: __, __, and __

cells, ground substance, proteins fibers

cells of cartilage are called

chondrocytes

epithelial tissue

covers the body surfaces, lines the body cavities and organ cavities, and forms glands characteristics: cellularity, polarity (apical surface, exposed to external environment), attachment to basement membrane, avascularity, extensive innervation (nerve supplied), high regeneration capacity functions: physical protection, selective permeability, secretions, sensations simple epithelium (single layer of epithelial cells): pseudostratified columnar stratified epithelium (multiple layers of epithelial cells): transitional

in __ __ connective tissue, bundles of collagen fibers extend in all directions in a scattered meshwork

dense irregular

in __ __ connective tissue, collagen fibers are packed tightly and aligned parallel to an applied force

dense regular

tendons and ligaments are made of __ connective tissue

dense regular

__ cartilage maintains structure and shape while permitting extensive flexibility

elastic

__ connective tissue has branching elastic fibers and more fibroblasts than loose connective tissue in addition to packed collagen fibers

elastic

which of the following would you expect to find in the walls of the large arteries?

elastic connective tissue

which type of glands lack ducts and can secrete their products directly into the bloodstream?

endocrine

the simple squamous epithelium that lines blood and lymphatic vessels is called __

endothelium

match the formed elements with their functions

erythrocytes: transport O2 and CO2 between lungs and body tissues leukocytes: immunity platelets: blood clotting

true/false: mucous connective tissue is the first type to emerge in the developing embryo

false

which are examples of resident cells of connective tissue proper?

fibroblasts, mesenchymal cells, adipocytes

match the type of connective tissue cell with its description

fibroblasts: produce fibers and ground substance adipocytes: store lipid reserves fixed macrophages: these large cells phagocytize damaged cells and pathogens

which cartilage forms intervertebral discs?

fibrocartilage

tissues

groups of similar cells that perform a specific function in an organism nervous muscle connective epithelial

which option best explains the ability of epithelial tissues to repair themselves?

high regenerative capacity

mast cells release heparin and __ to stimulate local inflammation

histamine

most cells release heparin and __ to stimulate local inflammation

histamine

which is the most common type of cartilage, and also the weakest?

hyaline

which type of cartilage is surrounded by a perichondrium and named for its clear, glassy appearance?

hyaline cartilage

the cutaneous membrane __

is relatively dry compared to other membranes of the body, contains keratinized stratified squamous epithelial tissue

which three statements correctly describe epithelial tissue?

it has a high regenerative capacity, it lacks blood vessels, it is richly innervated

where might you find simple squamous epithelium?

lining of air sacs (alveoli) of lungs, lining of lumen of blood vessels (endothelium)

__ connective tissue contains a meshwork of reticular fibers, fibroblasts, and abundant leukocytes

loose

which connective tissue cells are derived from monocytes in the blood and reside in the extracellular matrix after leaving the blood?

macrophages

which type of connective tissue is located in the umbilical cord only?

mucous connective tissue

match the epithelial cell type with its location in the body

nonkeratinized stratified squamous: body openings like the oral cavity, vagina and anus keratinized stratified squamous: epidermis of skin pseudostratified ciliated columnar: lines upper respiratory tract transitional: lining of urinary bladder, ureters and part of the urethra

which three are functions of the basement membrane?

provides physical support, anchors the epithelium to connective tissue, acts as a barrier

which type of epithelium is composed of a single layer of cells that are attached to a basement membrane, but not all the cells reach the apical surface of the epithelium?

pseudostratified

__ fibers contain the protein collagen and are thinner than collagen fibers

reticular

this type of exocrine gland produces sweat, milk, tears, or digestive juices

serous glands

match the type of epithelium with its description

simple squamous: one layer of flat, wide irregular shaped cells simple cuboidal: one layer of cells that are about as high as they are wide simple columnar, nonciliated: one layer of tall, narrow cells that often contain microvilli simple columnar, ciliated: one layer of tall, narrow cells that can move objects along their apical surface

a __ epithelium is found in area likely to be subjected to abrasive activities and mechanical stress

stratified

which three are locations of areolar connective tissue?

surrounding blood vessels, subcutaneous layer deep to the skin, dermis of the skin

the function of a __ is to attach a muscle to a bone

tendon

dense regular connective tissue is found in __

tendons and ligaments

which statements characterize nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelial tissue?

the cells remain alive all the way to its apical surface, the cells remain moist, it lines part of the anus, keratin is not present within the cells

true/false: there are a larger number of glial cells than neurons

true

true/false: tissues are groups of similar cells that carry out a common function

true

a gland with a secretory portion that is uniform in diameter to its duct is called __

tubular

functions of muscle tissue include __

voluntary movements of body parts, propulsion of materials through digestive tract, contraction of the heart

choose all that are locations of smooth muscle tissue

wall of the stomach, walls of blood vessels, wall of the urinary bladder

leukocytes are commonly called __ blood cells

white