Chapter 5: LearnSmart
a multicellular exocrine gland consists of __
acini and at least one duct
which structure binds epithelial tissue to connective tissue?
basement membrane
__ is a fluid connective tissue composed of formed elements and matrix
blood
the type of connective tissue characterized by osteons with lacunae that is functionally used to support and protect other tissues in the body is compact __ connective tissue
bone
which of the following types of muscle often bifurcates (branches) and its cells are connected by intercalated discs?
cardiac
which are functions of bone?
carries out hemopoiesis, stores calcium and phosphorus, provides levers for movement, protection of vital organs
___ tissues function to support tissues and bind structures together
connective
which statements describe the location of epithelial tissue?
covers body surfaces, lines many organs, covers many organs, lines body cavities
the __ membrane is commonly called skin
cutaneous
the majority of glands are composed of __
epithelial tissue
match the tissue type with its general function
epithelial: covers surfaces and lines body cavities and organs connective: protects, binds together and supports organs muscle: facilitates movement nervous: controls activities, processes information
this type of gland has a duct and carries its secretions to the surface of the body or the lumen of an organ
exocrine
true/false: collagen fibers form a structural connective tissue framework which help them to support organs and resist external forces
false
many areas of spongy bone contain __ cells, which are responsible for producing new blood cells
hematopoletic
which statements characterizes smooth muscle tissue?
it is involuntary, it is found in the walls of most viscera
which statements characterize skeletal muscle tissue?
it is voluntary, it is striated, it is multinucleated
__ occurs when mature epithelium changes to another form of mature epithelium due to environmental stressors
metaplasia
tiny, cytoplasmic projections on the apical surface of a cell that increases the surface area for secretion and absorption are called __
microvilli
of the four types of the body membranes, the two principal types of internal membranes are __ and __ membranes
mucous, serous
these epithelial cells form a single layer of tall, narrow cells whose apical membranes may have microvilli for increased absorption and secretion
nonciliated simple columnar
hyaline cartilage is located ___
nose, fetal skeleton, ends of long bones, costal cartilages
the lining of the larynx consists of what type of epithelial tissue?
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
which are characteristics of collagen fibers?
resist stretching, appear white in fresh tissues, strong and flexible
choose the type of connective tissue one would find in the stroma of lymph nodes, in the spleen, the thymus and in bone marrow
reticular
which of the following epithelial cells are flat, wide and somewhat irregular in shape?
squamous
which are considered the functions of connective tissue?
storage and transport, binding and support of structures, physical protection
a __ epithelium contains two or more layers of epithelial cells
stratified
which statements characterize serous membrane?
they contain a parietal and visceral layer, the pericardium is an example
which statements characterize mucous membranes?
they line the digestive tract, they perform secretory functions, they secrete mucus
true/false: areolar connective tissue is found nearly everywhere in the body
true
true/false: epithelium acts as gatekeepers to control the movement of substances into the body
true
true/false: ground substance is produced by connective tissue cells
true
true/false: most connective tissue cells are not in direct contact with each other
true
cells that move throughout connective tissues and are involved in immune protection are __
wandering cells
the __ membrane is the largest body membrane and contains stratified squamous epithelium
cutaneous
which two statements characterize simple squamous epithelial tissue?
it allows for rapid diffusion or filtration, it lines blood vessels
this type of epithelium is known for its ability to move structure like the oocyte in a uterine tube or small particles in the bronchioles of the lung
ciliated simple columnar epithelium
which type of protein fiber, in connective tissue, is the most abundant type of protein in the body and appears pink under the microscope when stained with hemotoxylin and eosin?
collagen
loose connective tissues is best categorized as which of the following tissue types?
connective tissue proper
which type of epithelium is one cell layer thick?
simple
three functions of bone include __
support of soft tissues, storage of calcium, protection of organs
dense irregular connective tissue is found in __
the dermis of skin
a __ is formed when a sperm fertilizes an oocyte and forms a diploid cell
zygote
sacs that produce secretions of multicellular exocrine glands are __
acini
which three are functions of adipose tissue?
acts as an insulator to slow heat loss, cushions shock, provides padding
__ connective tissue serves as padding and acts as an insulator to slow heat loss through the skin
adipose
these connective tissue cells are closely packed together and have nuclei squeezed to one side by the material that it stores
adipose
match epithelial cell surface with its description
apical: exposed to surface or lumen lateral: have intercellular connections basal: where epithelium is attached to underlying connective tissue
keratinized stratified squamous epithelial tissue is located __
as the epidermis of the skin
the opposite of hypertrophy is called __
atrophy
skeletal muscle tissue is found __
attached to bones
which option best explains why nutrients for epithelial cells are obtained by diffusion from the underlying connective tissue?
avascularity
the long nerve cell process that extends from the cell which carries outgoing signals to other cells is called a(n)
axon
a thin extracellular layer upon which an epithelium rests is called a __ membrane
basement
which is an example of a supporting connective tissue?
cartilage
connective tissue, although diverse, share the following basic components: __, __, and __
cells, ground substance, proteins fibers
cells of cartilage are called
chondrocytes
epithelial tissue
covers the body surfaces, lines the body cavities and organ cavities, and forms glands characteristics: cellularity, polarity (apical surface, exposed to external environment), attachment to basement membrane, avascularity, extensive innervation (nerve supplied), high regeneration capacity functions: physical protection, selective permeability, secretions, sensations simple epithelium (single layer of epithelial cells): pseudostratified columnar stratified epithelium (multiple layers of epithelial cells): transitional
in __ __ connective tissue, bundles of collagen fibers extend in all directions in a scattered meshwork
dense irregular
in __ __ connective tissue, collagen fibers are packed tightly and aligned parallel to an applied force
dense regular
tendons and ligaments are made of __ connective tissue
dense regular
__ cartilage maintains structure and shape while permitting extensive flexibility
elastic
__ connective tissue has branching elastic fibers and more fibroblasts than loose connective tissue in addition to packed collagen fibers
elastic
which of the following would you expect to find in the walls of the large arteries?
elastic connective tissue
which type of glands lack ducts and can secrete their products directly into the bloodstream?
endocrine
the simple squamous epithelium that lines blood and lymphatic vessels is called __
endothelium
match the formed elements with their functions
erythrocytes: transport O2 and CO2 between lungs and body tissues leukocytes: immunity platelets: blood clotting
true/false: mucous connective tissue is the first type to emerge in the developing embryo
false
which are examples of resident cells of connective tissue proper?
fibroblasts, mesenchymal cells, adipocytes
match the type of connective tissue cell with its description
fibroblasts: produce fibers and ground substance adipocytes: store lipid reserves fixed macrophages: these large cells phagocytize damaged cells and pathogens
which cartilage forms intervertebral discs?
fibrocartilage
tissues
groups of similar cells that perform a specific function in an organism nervous muscle connective epithelial
which option best explains the ability of epithelial tissues to repair themselves?
high regenerative capacity
mast cells release heparin and __ to stimulate local inflammation
histamine
most cells release heparin and __ to stimulate local inflammation
histamine
which is the most common type of cartilage, and also the weakest?
hyaline
which type of cartilage is surrounded by a perichondrium and named for its clear, glassy appearance?
hyaline cartilage
the cutaneous membrane __
is relatively dry compared to other membranes of the body, contains keratinized stratified squamous epithelial tissue
which three statements correctly describe epithelial tissue?
it has a high regenerative capacity, it lacks blood vessels, it is richly innervated
where might you find simple squamous epithelium?
lining of air sacs (alveoli) of lungs, lining of lumen of blood vessels (endothelium)
__ connective tissue contains a meshwork of reticular fibers, fibroblasts, and abundant leukocytes
loose
which connective tissue cells are derived from monocytes in the blood and reside in the extracellular matrix after leaving the blood?
macrophages
which type of connective tissue is located in the umbilical cord only?
mucous connective tissue
match the epithelial cell type with its location in the body
nonkeratinized stratified squamous: body openings like the oral cavity, vagina and anus keratinized stratified squamous: epidermis of skin pseudostratified ciliated columnar: lines upper respiratory tract transitional: lining of urinary bladder, ureters and part of the urethra
which three are functions of the basement membrane?
provides physical support, anchors the epithelium to connective tissue, acts as a barrier
which type of epithelium is composed of a single layer of cells that are attached to a basement membrane, but not all the cells reach the apical surface of the epithelium?
pseudostratified
__ fibers contain the protein collagen and are thinner than collagen fibers
reticular
this type of exocrine gland produces sweat, milk, tears, or digestive juices
serous glands
match the type of epithelium with its description
simple squamous: one layer of flat, wide irregular shaped cells simple cuboidal: one layer of cells that are about as high as they are wide simple columnar, nonciliated: one layer of tall, narrow cells that often contain microvilli simple columnar, ciliated: one layer of tall, narrow cells that can move objects along their apical surface
a __ epithelium is found in area likely to be subjected to abrasive activities and mechanical stress
stratified
which three are locations of areolar connective tissue?
surrounding blood vessels, subcutaneous layer deep to the skin, dermis of the skin
the function of a __ is to attach a muscle to a bone
tendon
dense regular connective tissue is found in __
tendons and ligaments
which statements characterize nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelial tissue?
the cells remain alive all the way to its apical surface, the cells remain moist, it lines part of the anus, keratin is not present within the cells
true/false: there are a larger number of glial cells than neurons
true
true/false: tissues are groups of similar cells that carry out a common function
true
a gland with a secretory portion that is uniform in diameter to its duct is called __
tubular
functions of muscle tissue include __
voluntary movements of body parts, propulsion of materials through digestive tract, contraction of the heart
choose all that are locations of smooth muscle tissue
wall of the stomach, walls of blood vessels, wall of the urinary bladder
leukocytes are commonly called __ blood cells
white
