Chapter 5

Which description best describes a starch?

A carbohydrate made of multiple units of glucose attached together in a form the body can digest

Why is it not a good idea to consume excessive amounts of sugar alcohols?

Because it can cause diarrhea

Sugar alcohols consumed in large amounts may ______.

Because sugar alcohols are incompletely absorbed, the alternative sweeteners may cause diarrhea when consumed. -> cause diarrhea

What would be the health benefit of having sugar alcohols instead of sugars in a food product?

Because they have fewer calories

Which of the following components is often missing from refined grain products?

Bran seed

_________or malt sugar, has two glucose molecules bonded together.

Maltose or Maltobiose

People with phenylketonuria (PKU) should avoid the artificial sweetener aspartame------- , Correct Unavailable because of its high phenylalanine content.

aspartame

Which of the following is not considered a fiber?

Amylopectin

Which of the following are good sources of soluble fiber?

Apples

Which alternative sweetener contains the amino acids phenylalanine and aspartic acid?

Aspartame

Which of the following alternative sweeteners was once believed to cause bladder cancer but since has been proven safe?

Cyclamate

Which of the following are the most common oligosaccharides in foods?

Raffinose Stachyose

Choose all of the following foods which are good sources of soluble fiber.

oat bran beans carrots

During processing, ______ are incorporated into foods to contribute to flavor, browning and tenderness, and preservation of food.

added sugars

During processing, ______ are incorporated into foods to contribute to flavor, browning and tenderness, and preservation of food. Multiple choice question.

added sugars

What can be added to sweeten foods while providing few or no kcal?

alternative sweeteners

What part of the wheat kernel is used to make white flour?

endosperm

Nondigestible plant material is termed ______.

fiber

the storage form of glucose is called

glycogen.

Fibers that are not readily dissolved in water and not easily metabolized by intestinal bacteria are called

insoluble fiber

Polysaccharides that contain hundreds of glucose molecules bound together into large chainlike structures include ______.

starch glycogen

The carbohydrate to which all other sweeteners are compared is

sucrose

Sugar alcohols cost only 2 kcal/gram because ______.

they are not fully absorbed in the intestinal tract

Sugar alcohols are used in sugarless gum, breath mints, and candy because ______.

they do not cause tooth decay

What is the maximum number of 12-oz. cans of diet soft drinks an adult can consume and not exceed the acceptable daily intake of aspartame?

18-19

Where is glycogen stored in the body?

liver

During refinement, a wheat kernel is stripped of its nutrient-rich germ and bran, _______ (white flour) that remains is mostly starch. Multiple choice question.

the endosperm.

______ are used in some types of gum, breath mints, and candy because they are not readily metabolized by bacteria to acids in the mouth and thus do not promote tooth decay.

Sugar alcohols

______ are used in some types of gum, breath mints, and candy because they are not readily metabolized by bacteria to acids in the mouth and thus do not promote tooth decay. Multiple choice question.

Sugar alcohols

____ is a sweetener/food additive obtained from the processing of corn. Multiple choice question.

High-fructose corn syrup

Added sugars are incorporated into foods during processing to ______.

Sugar also serves as a preservative by lowering water content of a food and inhibiting the growth of molds and bacteria that would otherwise cause food spoilage. inhibit the growth of mold contribute to flavor increase tenderness of food decrease moisture content

What are some natural food sources of sucrose?

carrots maple syrup

The carbohydrate that is considered the benchmark against which all other sweeteners are measured is ______.

sucrose Reason: Glucose is actually not very sweet. Sucrose is the sugar to which all other sweeteners are compared.

The ADIs for nonnutritive sweeteners do not apply to which of the following groups?

A group of international health and safety organizations, including the FDA, have established Acceptable Daily Intakes (ADIs) for certain nonnutritive sweeteners (Table 5.5). According to the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, nonnutritive sweeteners are safe when consumed "within acceptable daily intakes, even during pregnancy."7 --> applies to all

Which of the following must be present in a food labeled "whole grain"?

Oily germ Starchy endosperm Fiber-rich bran

Substances added to food that sweeten the item while providing few or no calories are known as Multiple choice question.

alternative sweeteners.

Which of the following are sugar alcohols?

sorbitol, xylitol, and mannitol

The carbohydrate to which all other sweeteners are compared is?

sucrose, sugar, or table sugar

True or false:Dietary fiber includes indigestible plant and animal materials.

F Reason: Dietary fiber includes indigestible plant materials, but not animal muscle fibers, which are digestible proteins.

An alternative sweetener that was once thought to cause bladder cancer, but now is considered safe though still banned in the United States is called ______.

cyclamate

Which sugar is naturally found in fruit, honey, and a few vegetables?

fructose

Why is high-fructose corn syrup such a commonly used food additive?

fructose is sweeter than glucose corn is ready available in the United States

The muscle and liver are major sites for the storage and formation of ______.

gycogen

What is produced when two glucose molecules are bonded together?

maltose

Choose the two amino acids present in aspartame.

phenylalanine aspartic acid

-----carbohydrates have three or more monosaccharides bonded together.

Complex

Which of the following is a sugar alcohol?

-Neotame Reason: The alternative sweeteners that include sugar alcohols include sorbitol, xylitol, and mannitol. -Acesulfame-K Reason: The alternative sweeteners that include sugar alcohols include sorbitol, xylitol, and mannitol. -Aspartame Reason: The alternative sweeteners that include sugar alcohols include sorbitol, xylitol, and mannitol. Sorbitol --> Sorbitol

Nonnutritive sweeteners supply _____ calories per serving.

0

Match the following types of oligosaccharides with common food sources

Garlic<--->Inulin Broccoli<----> Raffinose

Is milk a natural source of sucrose?

No

______ are a group of synthetic compounds that are intensely sweeter than sugar.

Nonnutritive sweeteners

Most dietary ______ are complex carbohydrates comprised of monosaccharides connected by bonds that human enzymes cannot digest.

starches Reason: The chemical bonds between the glucose molecules in starch are digestible by human enzymes. sugars Reason: Sugars are not complex carbohydrates; they are composed of one or two single-sugar units. fibers peptides Reason: Peptides (proteins) are formed by linking amino acids together. These bonds are digestible by human enzymes. ---> fiber

The artificial sweetener ------- is considered useful in baking because it resists destruction by heat.

sucralose, acesulfame-K, neotame, or splenda

The carbohydrate that is considered the benchmark against which all other sweeteners are measured is ______.

sucrose

Which of the following alternative sweeteners cannot be used for cooking?

Aspartame

True or false: Soluble fibers are not readily dissolved in water and not easily metabolized by intestinal bacteria.

false

Cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, gums, and mucilages are examples of the polysaccharide called

fiber