Chapter 51, Nursing Management: Benign Breast Disorders

A patient with mastalgia complains of burning, aching, and soreness of both the breasts. What prescription should the nurse question? Antibiotics Androgens Oral contraceptives Antiinflammatory drugs

Antibiotics

A student nurse is learning about characteristics of with fibrocystic breast complex. Which statement made by the student requires correction? "Fibrocystic complex occurs most frequently in women 30 to 50 years old." "Patients with fibrocystic complex are at higher risk for developing breast cancer." "Pain and discomfort associated with fibrocystic complex tends to increase over time." "Fibrocystic complex pain usually occurs in the premenstrual phase and subsides after menstruation."

"Patients with fibrocystic complex are at higher risk for developing breast cancer."

A patient is newly diagnosed with gynecomastia. What reason for development of gynecomastia should the nurse explain to the patient? Gynecomastia causes excessive secretion of prolactin. Gynecomastia causes abnormal functioning of the thyroid gland. Gynecomastia is caused by a disturbance in the normal ratio of testosterone to progesterone. Gynecomastia is caused by a disturbance in the normal ratio of active androgen to estrogen.

Gynecomastia is caused by a disturbance in the normal ratio of active androgen to estrogen.

A patient has benign fibrocystic breast changes and is concerned about the development of breast cancer. What should the nurse explain to the patient are the causes of the changes that occur? Proliferation of breast cells Mutations of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes Interruption of blood flow to the breasts Heightened responsiveness to estrogen and progesterone

Heightened responsiveness to estrogen and progesterone

The instructor is teaching a nursing student about the characteristics of fibroadenomas compared to cancerous growths. Which characteristics does the student correctly state fibroadenomas include? Select all that apply. High mobility Nipple discharge Absence of pain Nipple retraction Either softness or firmness

High mobility Absence of pain Either softness or firmness

A 45-year-old female presents to the clinic reporting occasional bloody nipple discharge from the right breast. There is no obvious mass upon palpation of breast tissue. What does the nurse suspect? Ductal ectasia Atypical hyperplasia Intraductal papilloma Idiopathic galactorrhea

Intraductal papilloma

While assessing a patient, the nurse finds that the patient has pain in the breasts and cracked nipples. What does the nurse infer about the patient's condition from the clinical manifestations presented? Breast cysts Ductal ectasia Fibroadenoma Lactational mastitis

Lactational mastitis

The nurse is assessing the breasts of a patient with fibrocystic complex and observes a thin green discharge from the left nipple without redness or swelling. The patient denies any unusual pain or discomfort, and vital signs are within the normal range for the patient. What does the nurse identify the green discharge as? Normal Infection Inflammation Exacerbation

Normal

A patient reporting pain in her left breast was prescribed danazol. During the follow-up visit, the primary health care provider finds that the patient has discontinued the drug. What could be the possible reasons for discontinuation of the drug? Select all that apply. Patient has itching Patient has edema Patient developed severe acne Patient has hair growth on the face Patient has yellow discharge from her left breast

Patient has edema Patient developed severe acne Patient has hair growth on the face

The nurse educates the patient about breast self-examination (BSE). How should the nurse inform the patient to tighten the pectoralis muscle? Placing her hands firmly on hips Sitting with her arms slightly raised Standing upright with arms slightly raised Lying down and placing the left arm behind the head

Placing her hands firmly on hips

A postmenopausal woman reports pendulous breasts. The nurse advised the patient to wear a well-fitting bra. Which outcomes could the nurse expect in this patient with this intervention? Select all that apply. Prevention of intertrigo Reduction of pain in the back Reduction of pain in the neck Reduction of pain in the breast Correction of sagging of breasts Improvement in the physical appearance

Prevention of intertrigo Reduction of pain in the back Reduction of pain in the neck Improvement in the physical appearance

An older adult male patient presents to the clinic reporting enlarged breasts. After reviewing the patient's medical record and performing an assessment, what does the nurse suspect is the reason for the patient's gynecomastia? A recent exposure to poison ivy Long-time daily ingestion of vitamin C Avoidance of drugs containing androgens and estrogens Recent computerized tomography (CT) scan showing a pituitary adenoma

Recent computerized tomography (CT) scan showing a pituitary adenoma

A patient is suspected of having a fibroadenoma in the left breast. Which diagnostic techniques does the nurse prepare the patient for that would give a definitive diagnosis of this disorder? Select all that apply. Ultrasound Mammography Surgical biopsy Core needle biopsy Fine needle biopsy

Surgical biopsy Core needle biopsy Fine needle biopsy

A postpartum patient who is breastfeeding has developed a lactational breast abscess. For what treatment does the nurse anticipate preparing the patient? Radiation therapy Only antibiotic therapy Affected breast mastectomy Surgical incision and drainage

Surgical incision and drainage

The nurse is writing a plan of care for a patient with cyclic mastalgia. What actions should be included when educating the patient about the prevention or management of cyclic mastalgia? Select all that apply. Taking vitamin E Eating a chocolate bar Decreasing caffeine intake Wearing loose-fitting bras Reducing dietary fat intake

Taking vitamin E Decreasing caffeine intake Reducing dietary fat intake

A nurse assesses a patient with a lump in the breast suspected to be a fibroadenoma. Which sign or symptom would the nurse expect to document? The lump is small and mobile. The lump enlarges during menstruation. The lump is accompanied by nipple discharge. The lump is tender to the touch.

The lump is small and mobile.

The nurse is providing discharge planning for a patient involved in a motor vehicle crash with a chest injury. Which risk factor should the nurse discuss with the patient? Inverted nipples Trauma to breast Previous lactation Postpartum lactation

Trauma to breast

What diagnostic option will the nurse educate the patient about that will differentiate a cystic mass from a solid mass since the breast tissues are dense? Ultrasound Mammography Core needle biopsy Vacuum-assisted biopsy

Ultrasound

A patient in the postpartum period is diagnosed with lactational breast abscess. What would be the appropriate treatment option? Mastopexy Cryoablation Ultrasound-guided drainage Antiinflammatory drug therapy

Ultrasound-guided drainage

The nurse is providing education to the patient that has a breast abscess related to ductal ectasia. What therapeutic management prescribed by the health care provider does the nurse discuss with the patient? Antibiotic therapy alone Antiinflammatory therapy alone Warm compresses and antibiotic therapy Ice compresses and antiinflammatory therapy

Warm compresses and antibiotic therapy

Which women are at an increased risk of acquiring fibrocystic changes in the breast? Select all that apply. Women who are breastfeeding Women who are nulliparous Women with late menopause Women using oral contraceptives Women with spontaneous abortions

Women who are nulliparous Women with late menopause Women with spontaneous abortions

A patient reports breast heaviness and pain that lasted for three days during her menstrual period. What does the nurse suspect about this patient's condition? Mastitis Cyclic mastalgia Intraductal papilloma Lactational breast abscess

Cyclic mastalgia

The nurse is educating a patient about oral contraceptives for the treatment of a breast disorder. Which breast disorder does the nurse determine should be discussed? Mastitis Fat necrosis Cyclic mastalgia Lactational breast abscess

Cyclic mastalgia

What information should the nurse give to a patient newly diagnosed with fibrocystic disease of the breast? Select all that apply. Cysts could turn into cancer. Cyst formation can be checked through regular breast self-examination. Cysts may recur in one or both breasts until menopause. Cysts may enlarge and become painful immediately after menstruation. Cyst formation can be checked on any new lump that does not respond in a cyclic manner over one to two weeks.

Cyst formation can be checked through regular breast self-examination. Cysts may recur in one or both breasts until menopause. Cyst formation can be checked on any new lump that does not respond in a cyclic manner over one to two weeks.

A female patient with fibrocystic breast complex receives instructions on performing monthly self-breast examinations (SBE). The patient asks, "Will these cysts turn into cancer?" What is the nurse's best response? "Yes, it is likely one or more of your cysts will become cancerous over time." "No, there is no risk of breast cancer at all. Usually, the cysts come and go." "Cysts do not turn into cancer. Call your health care provider if you develop new cysts that do not respond in a cyclic manner as usual." "Call your health care provider if you find that any of the cysts are sore around the time of menstruation, as this can mean you have breast cancer."

"Cysts do not turn into cancer. Call your health care provider if you develop new cysts that do not respond in a cyclic manner as usual."

The nurse is educating a patient with fibrocystic changes in the breast. What statement by the nurse demonstrates further education is needed? , "Cysts may become painful just before menstruation." "Cysts may recur in one or both breasts during the postmenopausal period." "Lumps would be difficult to palpate in the case of severe fibrocystic changes." "Any lump responding in an acyclic manner over a two-week period should be examined."

"Cysts may recur in one or both breasts during the postmenopausal period."

The registered nurse is teaching the student nurse about the management of fibrocystic changes in the breast. Which statement made by the student nurse indicates the need for further teaching? "Excisional biopsy may be performed if a residual mass remains after fluid aspiration." "Excisional biopsy may be performed for the patients if the fluid is found on aspiration." "Excisional biopsy may be performed if the fluid that is found is hemorrhagic." "Surgical removal may be the best treatment option for the patient who has large and recurrent cysts."

"Excisional biopsy may be performed for the patients if the fluid is found on aspiration."

The nurse is obtaining the medical history of a male patient suffering from gynecomastia. Which responses given by this patient could be the possibilities for developing gynecomastia? Select all that apply. "I am smoking marijuana." "I am taking ranitidine for acidity." "I am taking spironolactone for cirrhosis." "I am taking ibuprofen for muscle aches." "I am administering gabapentin for resolution of seizure attacks."

"I am smoking marijuana." "I am taking ranitidine for acidity." "I am taking spironolactone for cirrhosis."

The nurse is instructing a patient about breast self-examination (BSE). Which statements made by the patient indicate effective learning? Select all that apply. "I should stand straight and place my left arm behind my head." "I should stand in front of the mirror by placing the hands on my hip." "I should examine each underarm while standing or sitting with arms raised slightly." "I should examine my breast by rotating the finger pads in a circular pattern over the entire breast." "I should use the three middle finger pads of my right hand to feel lumps on the breast."

"I should stand in front of the mirror by placing the hands on my hip." "I should examine each underarm while standing or sitting with arms raised slightly." "I should use the three middle finger pads of my right hand to feel lumps on the breast."

The lactation consultant is educating a lactating mother with mastitis. Which statements made by the patient indicate a need for further teaching? "I will avoid using a nipple shield while breastfeeding my baby." "I will express the breast milk by hand for feeding the baby." "I will avoid feeding the baby if any purulent discharge is seen from the nipple." "I will notify the health care provider if redness persists post-antibiotic therapy."

"I will avoid using a nipple shield while breastfeeding my baby."

The nurse provides preprocedure education to a patient scheduled for a mammogram. Which statement made by the patient indicates understanding of the information? "I won't take a shower before the test." "I won't eat or drink anything after midnight." "I won't use deodorant or body powder in the morning." "I won't take any medications on the morning of the test."

"I won't use deodorant or body powder in the morning."

The nurse is educating a patient about mastalgia. What patient statement demonstrates understanding that cyclic mastalgia is tenderness or heaviness in the breast and occurs during what time? "It occurs with early menopause." "It occurs during the circadian rhythm." "It will occur during my menstrual cycle." "It will occur during the natural aging process."

"It will occur during my menstrual cycle."

The registered nurse is teaching a student nurse about the diagnostic procedures performed for definitive diagnosis of a suspicious area in the breast. Which statement made by the student nurse indicates effective learning? "Vacuum-assisted biopsy allows for single samples through a single needle." "Surgical biopsy is performed by removing the breast mass or breast lump for analysis." "Core needle biopsy involves insertion of a single needle to obtain sample fluid from a breast cyst." "Fine-needle aspiration biopsy involves removal of small samples of breast tissue using a hollow-core needle."

"Surgical biopsy is performed by removing the breast mass or breast lump for analysis."

The registered nurse is teaching a student nurse about the management of lactational breast abscess. Which statements made by the student nurse indicate effective teaching? "Surgical incisions are not preferable." "Culture sensitivity tests are not required." "Antibiotic therapy alone would be sufficient." "Ultrasound-guided drainage of the abscess would be preferred."

"Ultrasound-guided drainage of the abscess would be preferred."

The nurse is assessing a patient with galactorrhea. What finding would the nurse anticipate observing? Milky nipple discharge Bloody nipple discharge Yellow nipple discharge Multicolored nipple discharge

Milky nipple discharge

A patient reports soreness of the breast and is diagnosed as having cyclic mastalgia. What instructions should the nurse give the patient? Select all that apply. Avoid consuming fatty food. Drink coffee to relieve pain. Wear a good support bra continuously. Use compresses and ice when pain occurs. Consume food rich in vitamins (A, B complex, E). Avoid taking antiinflammatory drugs.

Avoid consuming fatty food. Wear a good support bra continuously. Use compresses and ice when pain occurs. Consume food rich in vitamins (A, B complex, E).

The nurse is educating a group of women about screening and early detection of breast cancer during a breast awareness program. What should the nurse be sure to include when discussing this with the group? Select all that apply. Breast self-examination is preferred during the first day of menstruation. Breast self-examination is an option for women starting at the age of 20 years. Clinical breast examination is preferred every year for women who are above 40 years of age. Clinical breast examination is preferred at least every three years in women ages 20 to 30 years. Use the same level of pressure when examining the breast tissue.

Breast self-examination is an option for women starting at the age of 20 years. Clinical breast examination is preferred every year for women who are above 40 years of age. Clinical breast examination is preferred at least every three years in women ages 20 to 30 years.

While performing a physical examination of the breast in a geriatric patient, the nurse is palpating the patient's breast to check for the presence of lumps. Which age-related change in this patient makes the breast easily palpable? Decreased calcification Decreased glandular mass Decreased subcutaneous fat Decreased structural support

Decreased glandular mass

The nurse assesses that a newly admitted male patient has gynecomastia. What medications should the nurse question the patient about taking? Select all that apply. Aspirin Digitalis Isoniazid Spironolactone Ranitidine

Digitalis Isoniazid Spironolactone Ranitidine

A male patient presents to the clinic with new-onset gynecomastia. The nurse reviews the patient's medication list and correctly identifies which medications as possibly causing the patient's gynecomastia? Select all that apply. Digitalis Ranitidine Acetaminophen Spironolactone Acetylsalicylic acid

Digitalis Ranitidine Spironolactone

The nurse is caring for a perimenopausal patient with thick, gray nipple discharge associated with breast pain. Which condition does the nurse suspect? Fat necrosis Ductal ectasia Fibroadenoma Lactational mastitis

Ductal ectasia

The nurse is performing a breast assessment on a patient reporting nipple discharge with burning, itching, and pain around the nipple. The nurse observes that there is swelling in the areolar area. Which breast disorder does the nurse suspect this patient is experiencing? Mastitis Ductal ectasia Fibroedenoma Intraductal papilloma

Ductal ectasia

A primiparous patient has a three-week-old infant whom she is breastfeeding. The woman has sought care because of recent breast tenderness, redness, and fever. Which teaching point should the nurse prioritize when following up her care? Encourage patient to continue breastfeeding her infant. Refer patient for a mammogram as quickly as possible. Ensure patient adheres to her prescribed antibiotic regimen. Teach patient to use warm compresses and educate her about the self-limiting nature of illness.

Ensure patient adheres to her prescribed antibiotic regimen.

Upon examination, the nurse finds that the patient has a hard, mobile, and indurated mass with irregular borders in the breast. What does the nurse infer from these findings? Mastitis Fat necrosis Breast cysts Ductal ectasia

Fat necrosis

Which disorder occurs due to increased estrogen sensitivity in a localized area of the breast? Mastitis Mastalgia Fibroadenoma Intraductal papilloma

Fibroadenoma

A patient is progressing through menopause and still using high doses of estrogen supplements. Which condition should the nurse caution the patient that may become aggravated as a result of this? Ductal ectasia Fibroadenoma Fibrocystic complex Intraductal papilloma

Fibrocystic complex

A patient presents to the clinic reporting new-onset nipple discharge stating, "I don't know what is happening. It's been over 20 years since I breastfed my last child." During the physical exam, the nurse expresses thin, white, nonodorous fluid from both breasts. What does the nurse document that the patient is experiencing? Galactorrhea Purulent discharge Sanguineous drainage Serosanguinous secretion

Galactorrhea

A nurse explains the importance of wearing a well-fitting bra to an older adult patient. What explanation should the nurse give to the patient regarding the importance of doing this? Select all that apply. It helps to prevent intertrigo. It helps to improve physical appearance. It promotes better blood circulation to the breast. It reduces pain in the back, shoulders, and neck. It facilitates more comfortable and effective breathing

It helps to prevent intertrigo. It helps to improve physical appearance. It reduces pain in the back, shoulders, and neck.

A patient reports fever, localized pain in the right breast, and difficulty breastfeeding for the past 10 days. On examination, the nurse notices a tender, palpable mass in the right breast and that the skin overlying it has become red and edematous. Which condition should the nurse suspect? Ductal ectasia Cyclic mastalgia Fibroadenoma Lactational breast abscess

Lactational breast abscess

The nurse is administering an aromatase inhibitor to a patient with ER positive breast cancer. Which medication will the nurse administer? Raloxifene Letrozole Fulvestrant Trastuzumab

Letrozole

An older female patient reports having a pendulous breast. What age-related breast changes would the nurse suspect in this patient? Select all that apply. Loss of subcutaneous fat Loss of structural support Atrophy of mammary glands Proliferation of mammary ducts Hyperplasia of mammary ducts

Loss of subcutaneous fat Loss of structural support Atrophy of mammary glands

The nurse is caring for a female patient who reports diffuse heaviness of the breast, which lasts for two to three days each month. Which disorder does the nurse suspect? Mastitis Mastalgia Galactorrhea Fibrocystic changes

Mastalgia

Which condition is caused by staphylococci? Mastitis Mastalgia Fat necrosis Ductal ectasia

Mastitis