Chapter 6 Anatomy Professor Bigos

Vertebra is an example of:

An irregular bone

As a result of the increase of testosterone at puberty for males:

Appositional bone growth increases.

What type of bone growth do you think a 40-year-old male experiences?

Appositional growth

Why is articular cartilage an important part of long bone structure?

Articular cartilage allows bones to rub together with reduced friction at joints

If a bone is lacking collagen in its organic matrix, such as with the disease osteogenesis imperfecta, the bone would...

Be brittle and shatters easily.

For a person who starts running for exercise:

Bone deposition exceeds bone resorption.

Bone Deposition is:

Bone deposition is the process of building new bone and involves calcification of the bone matrix

Osteogenesis imperfecta is a congenital bone disease caused by a collagen deficiency. Which of the following would be a symptom of osteogenesis imperfecta?

Brittle bones

What is the first step of bone repair?

Hematoma formation

What is the function of red bone marrow?

Hematopoiesis

Blood cells are made in the red bone marrow of bones, a process known as:

Hematopoiesis.

What tissue serves as the model for bones formed during endochondral ossification?

Hyaline cartilage

Which of the following gives bone its strength and ability to withstand compression and protect?

Hydroxyapatite crystals

Hydroxyapatite crystals

Hydroxyapatite crystals are made from calcium and phosphorus salts. They give bone its strength and ability to resist compression

In certain diseases, osteoclast activity takes over osteoblast activity, which will cause the bone to..

Increase the breakdown of the ECM without it being rebuilt, leading to a weakening of the bone

Bone resorption requires the activity of:

Osteoclasts.

Relatively inactive bone cells that help to maintain the ECM are:

Osteocytes.

Cells that develop into osteoblasts are called:

Osteogenic cells.

Which of the following hormones does NOT cause bone growth?

Parathyroid hormone

Bones located within tendons, such as the patella, are called _________

Sesamoid bones

Intramembranous ossification occurs in:

Skull bones

Which of the following is the last step in bone fracture repair?

The bone callus is remodeled and primary bone is replaced with secondary bone

How would the removal of hydroxyapatite crystals from bone matrix affect the physical properties of a bone?

The bone would be more flexible.

The function of yellow bone marrow is:

Triglyceride storage

T/F: The ribs and sternum are classified as flat bones because they are thin and broad.

True

Which of the following is NOT one of the functions of the skeletal system

Vitamin storage and fluid homeostasis

How long does bone repair generally take?

6-8 weeks

Bone deposition involves __________

Calcification

Bone is the most important storehouse in the body for:

Calcium

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?

Communication

The hard, dense bone that forms the outer surface of bones is:

Compact bone

The long, tubular shaft of a long bone is called __________

Diaphysis

Charlie has a break in the shaft of his thigh bone. He broke the:

Diaphysis.

What structure allows the diaphysis of the bone to increase in length?

Epiphyseal plate

T/F: All bone growth completely stops by the end of adolescence.

False

T/F: The epiphyseal plate is a layer of compact bone from which longitudinal growth occurs.

False

Which of the following events is the first step in bone fracture repair?

Formation of a hematoma

Appositional growth allows bones to __________.

Grow in width

Flat bones such as the bones of the skull form via __________.

Intramembranous ossification

Small cavities that are located between lamellae and contain osteocytes are called __________.

Lacunae

Bones with a diaphysis and epiphyses are classified as:

Long bones

The bones of the arms and legs are classified as:

Long bones

Which shape of bone contains a medullary cavity and epiphyseal lines?

Long bones

Which of the following events does NOT happen during endochondral ossification?

Mesenchymal cells differentiate into osteoblasts

Which of the following events happens during intramembranous ossification?

Mesenchymal cells differentiate into osteoblasts

Which of the following functions is associated with the skeletal system?

Movement

What is the last process to occur in the epiphyseal plate of a long bone?

Ossification

What prompts the closure of the epiphyseal plate around age 18-21?

Ossification of the zone of proliferation

Bone cells that are found in the endosteum and periosteum and build new bone matrix are called __________.

Osteoblasts

What cells contribute to the process of calcification during intramembranous ossification?

Osteoblasts

Which type of cell is responsible for bone deposition?

Osteoblasts

Osteoblasts

Osteoblasts are known as the "bone builders," and serve to secrete the organic matrix of bone and assist in the formation of the inorganic matrix.

Bones are constantly undergoing resorption for various reasons. Which of the following cells accomplishes this process?

Osteoclasts