Chapter 6 Bones Questions

Spongy bone contains osteons.

False

True or False: Appositional growth in a skeletal cartilage will increase its overall length.

False

True or False: Increasing the percentage of collagen in a bone would make it become more rigid.

False

True or False: Osseous tissue is avascular.

False

True or False: Parathyroid hormone stimulates osteoblast activity.

False

True or False: The central canal of an osteon contains osteocytes.

False

True or False: The presence of an epiphyseal line indicates that long bone growth is still in process.

False

True or False: Vitamin D is necessary for the formation of the organic framework of bone.

False

The correct order (from start to finish) of fracture repair is:

Hematoma formation, fibrocartilaginous callus formation, bony callus formation, and bone remodeling

Which of the following characteristics of skeletal cartilage limits its thickness?

It is avascular and receives most of its nourishment from the perichondrium that surrounds it

Bones serve as an important reservoir of:

calcium

The most abundant mineral in the body is:

calcium

Hydroxyapatite in bone matrix that gives bone its hardness is primarily composed of:

calcium and phosphates

Which of the following statements best describes interstitial growth of cartilage?

chondrocytes divide and secrete new matrix from within the cartilage

A patient is brought to the emergency room with a broken bone. According to the x-ray, the bone is fragmented into three pieces. This would be considered a:

comminuted fracture

Which of the following fractures would be the most likely not to heal?

comminuted fracture

The two types of osseous tissue are:

compact bone and spongy bone

The twisting of a long bone is prevented by which of the following?

Circumferential lamella

Intramembranous ossification begins with:

connective tissue membrane

A fracture in the shaft of a bone would occur in the:

diaphysis

Most bones below the base of the skull form by:

endochondral ossification

The process of bone growth at the epiphyseal plate is similar to:

endochondral ossification

Mary is 50 years old. During a checkup, a bone scan reveals that portions of her skeleton show signs of osteoporosis. After reviewing the test results, her physician suggests hormone therapy. What hormone is prescribed for Mary?

estrogen

True or False: Scapulae are formed by intramembranous ossification.

false

The menisci of the knee are made of:

fibrocartilage

During fetal development intramembranous ossification takes place in:

fibrous connective tissue membranes

Before eight weeks, the skeleton of the human embryo is composed of:

fibrous membrane

Osteoblasts _____ new bone.

form

Osteoblasts:

form a new bone

65% of bone mass is composed of:

hydroxyapatites

When chondrocytes divide and form new matrix, it leads to an expansion of the cartilage tissue from within. This process is called:

interstitial growth

What is a characteristic of appositional cartilage growth?

it grows from the outside

Which of the following hormones' primary function is to regulate bone density?

leptin

Bone is broken down by:

osteoclasts

The lacunae of bone contain:

osteocytes

Bone forming cells originate from:

osteoprogenitor cells

When Ca2+ concentration in the blood becomes lower than normal:

parathyroid hormone is released

Which of the following structures anchors the periosteum to the underlying bone?

perforating

In month three of endochondral ossification, the first structure to be formed is a collection of elements known as the ____________ that invades the bone cavities present at this time.

periosteal bud

Which of the following is stored in bones?

phosphate

Collagen fibers do not:

provide for bone hardness

Every week we recycle _____ of our bone mass.

5%

What are the stages of intramembranous ossification?

Ossification center appears, Bone matrix is secreted, lamellar bone replaces woven bone and red marrow appears, woven bone and periosteum form

What are the stages of long bone growth at the epiphyseal plate? (from bottom to top)

Ossification zone, calcification zone, hypertrophic zone, proliferation zone

T or F: Yellow marrow can revert to red marrow if more red blood cells are needed by the body.

True

True or False: A bone that is imbedded in a ligament or tendon is a short bone.

True

True or False: An increase in parathyroid hormone can cause bones to become porous and brittle.

True

True or False: Collagen in the bone matrix provides flexible strength.

True

True or False: Excess growth hormone prior to puberty would result in gigantism.

True

True or False: Spongy bone in flat bones is called diploe.

True

Rickets can be caused by:

a deficiency of vitamin D

Yellow marrow is useful as:

a fat reserve

What kind of growth occurs when cartilage-forming cells secrete new matrix against the external face of the existing cartilage tissue?

appositional growth

At the end of secondary ossification, hyaline cartilage can be found:

at epiphyseal plates

The bones in the long axis of the body make up the:

axial skeleton

The epiphyseal plate is where:

bone elongation occurs

The final step in fracture repair is:

bone remodeling

If a breastfeeding mother becomes vitamin D deficient, what disease is most likely to develop in the nursing infant?

rickets

___________ bones act to alter the direction of tendon pull.

sesamoid

In adolescence, the "growth spurt" that is observed is mainly attributed to an increase in:

sex hormones

Which type of bone only has primary ossification centers?

short bones

Flat bones consist of:

spongy bone sandwiched between compact bone

Diploe is the ______ ______ found in the ______ bones of ______ ______.

spongy bone, flat, the skull

The structural unit of compact bone is:

the Haversian system

The structural unit of compact bone is:

the Haversian system or osteon

The notable hardness of bone is attributed to:

the presence of inorganic hydroxyapatites

Spongy bone contains all of the following, except:

true osteons

All of the following are stored in the matrix of bones, except:

vitamin D

Which of the following is classified as a short bone?

wrist bone

The bones of the skeleton store energy reserves as lipids in areas of:

yellow marrow