final health exam

define sinoatrial node

a cluster of electric pulse- generating cells that serves as a natural pacemaker for the heart

define arteries

carries out oxygenated blood away from the heart except for the pulmonary arteries, which carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs

define veins

carry blood back to the heart. from other regions of the body

what is the angina pectoris and how does it affect you?

chest pain that results when the heart does not get enough oxygen

which of the following countries has the largest population

china

the compound originally contained in aerosol propellants that is thought to have contributed to the depletion of the ozone layer is

chloroflurocarbons

what is the United States greatest killer?

coronary heart disease (causing nearly 1 in every 7 deaths)

Define epidemic

disease outbreak that affects many people in a community or region at the same time

what is cardiovascular disease?

diseases of the heart and blood vessels, such as high blood pressure, coronary heart disease, heart failure, stroke, and congenital defects

what are over the counter drugs

drugs that can be purchased without a prescription

vessels that carry blood to the heart are the...

veins

fossil fuels are

nonrenewable resources

how can we reduce our CVD risk factors?

-avoid tobacco -maintain a healthy weight & diet -exercise -control diabetes -control blood pressure - manage stress and get more sleep

what are the four main risk factors for CVD?

-exposure to smoking - lack of physical activity -high cholesterol -diabetes

what are the health factors of cardiovascular disease?

-having optimal total cholesterol without medication -having optimal blood pressure without medication -having optimal fasting blood glucose without medication

signs and symptoms of a heart attack

-pain, pressure, tightness in chest or shoulders -pain in arms, neck, back or jaw -trouble breathing -flushed face -sweating -anxiety, fear -denial of symptoms -shock -confusion -nausea, weakness

how many people does CVD kill per year?

17 million

the average number of births a female in a given populations during her reproductive years is the

2.5 births per woman (U.S rate is 18 births per woman)

which of the following groups has the highest incidence of hypertension?

African americas

what happens during a stroke?

Supply of blood and oxygen to the brain cells is inadequate, allowing brain tissue to die causing a stroke.

countries with the largest per capital "ecological footprint"

USA, Canada, France, United Kingdom, Italy, and Korea

As compared to today, by the year 2050, the world's population is expected to

World population projected to reach 9.8 billion in 2050, and 11.2 billion in 2100. The current world population of 7.6 billion is expected to reach 8.6 billion in 2030, 9.8 billion in 2050 and 11.2 billion in 2100, according to a new United Nations report being launched today.

the human heart is about the size of an...

adults fist

the conventional health care delivered in the United States is known as

allopathic medicine?

vessels that carry blood away from the heart are the...

arteries

The small arterial branches are the...

arterioles

an individual would most likely suffer from angina pectoris when... a. sleeping b. walking up a flight of stairs c. working at a computer d. watching television

b. walking up a flight of stairs

define arterioles

branches of arteries

define venules

branches of veins

Define pandemic

global epidemic of a disease

what does the cardiovascular system include?

heart, arteries, arterioles, veins, venules, capillaries

Define plague

highly contagious disease

what is self care?

independent act of preventing, diagnosing, and treating one's illnesses without seeking professional advice

the legal term for improper or negligent treatment of a patient by a health care provider that results in loss or harm to the patient is

malpractice

the health insurance program jointly funded by the states and the federal government that provides coverage for low-income individuals and families is

medically indigent

What is capitation?

monthly fee a provider is paid for each covered patient

what do physicians assistance do

obtain patient histories, perform physical examinations, diagnose illness and develop treatment strategies, order and interpret lab tests, counsel patients on preventative health, perform various medical procedures, assist in surgical operations, and in most states can write prescriptions.

how many adult Americans suffer from some type of cardiovascular disease?

one out of three

Your primary care provider suspects that you may have an unusual infection in your eyes. To whom would he or she refer you?

ophthalmologist

someone who performs eye exams and prescribes and fits lenses

optometrist

smog is sometimes called

ozone pollution

disease- causing agents are called...

pathogens

before the affordable care act, if you had a history of back problems and needed health insurance, it was unlikely that your new insurance plan would cover any treatment related to your back problems until the policy had been in effect for a period of time. your back problem was considered a

preexisting condition

a set fee that an insurance plan requires that pay at the time of service (per office visit or prescription) is the

private health insurance

a rise in body temperature that occurs when invading pathogens secrete toxins is?

pyrogens?

define radon and asbestos

radon: naturally occurring, gas-phase element in the earth's crust, water, and air noble gas (doesn't react with other substances) produced by radioactive decay asbestos: naturally occurring fibrous silicate minerals that have been mined for their useful properties such as thermal insulation, chemical and thermal stability, and high tensile strength

a colorless gas that dissolves in water vapor to form acid and is emitted from coal-fired power plants is

sulfur dioxide

what are systolic/ diastolic

systolic: amount of pressure in your arteries during the contraction of your heart muscle diastolic: your blood pressure when your heart muscle is between beats (puts more pressure on brain as well)

define ventricles

the heart's two lower chambers, which pump blood through vessels

define atria

the heart's two upper chambers, which receive blood

placebo effect

the phenomenon in which the expectations of the participants in a study can influence their behavior