Chapter 6: Cellular Respiration

Which statement describes glycolysis?

This process splits glucose in half and produces 2 ATPs for each glucose. --In glycolysis, glucose is split into two molecules of pyruvic acid. The released energy is stored in ATP and the electron carrier NADH.--

The function of cellular respiration is to __________.

extract usable energy from glucose --The most prevalent and efficient energy-yielding pathway is cellular respiration, in which oxygen is consumed as a reactant, along with the organic fuel (frequently glucose).--

What is the correct general equation for cellular respiration?

C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP energy --Cellular respiration extracts energy from glucose (C6H12O6) to produce smaller energy packets (ATP).--

Which of the following molecules is broken down in cellular respiration, providing fuel for the cell?

Glucose

_____ is used as food and _____ is produced as a waste in the overall process of cellular respiration.

Glucose ... carbon dioxide --The carbon in glucose is oxidized to carbon dioxide during cellular respiration.--

Simplified Equation for Cellular Respiration

Glucose>>Oxygen>>Carbon Dioxide>>Water>>Energy

Which of the following processes takes place in the cytosol of a eukaryotic cell?

Glycolysis --Glycolysis, the breakdown of glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid, takes place in the cytosol, outside the mitochondria.--

Stages of Cellular Respiration

Glycolysis>>Citric Acid>>Electron Transport

Sports physiologists at an Olympic training center wanted to monitor athletes to determine at what point their muscles were functioning anaerobically. They could do this by checking for a buildup of _____.

Lactic Acid --In humans, muscle cells switch to lactic acid fermentation after becoming anaerobic.--

In what organelle would you find acetyl CoA formation, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain?

Mitochondrion --All of the steps of cellular respiration except glycolysis take place in the mitochondrion.--

Aerobic metabolism always requires _____.

Oxygen

_____ is a chemical process that uses light energy from the sun to build organic molecules.

Photosynthesis --Humans and other animals depend on plants for food.--

In eukaryotes, the electron transport chain is a series of electron carrier molecules embedded in which organelle?

The Mitochondria --The electron transport chain molecules are embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane.--

Which statement describes the citric acid cycle?

This process produces some ATP and carbon dioxide in the mitochondrion. --The citric acid cycle breaks down carbon molecules, releasing carbon dioxide and forming some ATP.--

Which statement describes the electron transport chain?

This process uses energy captured from electrons flowing to oxygen to produce most of the ATPs in cellular respiration. --In the electron transport chain, electrons move from one electron carrier to another, eventually reaching oxygen. The released energy is used to make ATPs.--

An important end product of cellular respiration is _____.

Water --Water, carbon dioxide, and energy are the end products of cellular respiration.--

Select the correct sequence of steps as energy is extracted from glucose during cellular respiration.

glycolysis → acetyl CoA → citric acid cycle → electron transport chain --Glycolysis produces pyruvic acid, which enters the mitochondrion. There, it is converted to acetyl CoA, which enters the citric acid cycle. Electron carriers bring electrons from the first three steps to the electron transport chain, and ATP is made.--

A chemist has discovered a drug that blocks an enzyme that catalyzes some of the reactions of glycolysis. He wants to use the drug to kill bacteria in people with infections. However, he cannot do this because __________.

human cells also perform glycolysis; the drug might also poison them --The chemist's drug could have a devastating effect on human cells.--

If humans did not breathe in O2, we would not __________.

make enough ATP to meet our energy requirements --The electron transport chain accepts electrons from the breakdown products of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, and it passes these electrons from one molecule to another until they are passed (along with two hydrogen ions) to oxygen to form water.--

The main function of cellular respiration is __________.

making ATP to power cell activities --The energy made available during cellular respiration is coupled to a process that phosphorylates ADP, making ATP.--

Which energy-rich molecule produced by cellular respiration directly powers cell work?

ATP

Indicate how food molecules reach the body's cells and fuel cellular respiration.

1. Eating food provides fuel and building blocks for your body. 2. After food is broken down in the digestive system, it is transported to cells via the circulatory system. 3. Fuel molecules are broken down further glycolysis and and the citric acid cycle (aka Krebs Cycle). 4. ATP is produced with the help of the Electron Transport Chain