Human Anatomy Exam #2

What is the correct sequence of events at a synapse?

3,1,5,2,4 (3: arrival of nerve impulse at synaptic knob in presynaptic cell, 1: neurotransmitter release/diffusion, 5:binding of neurotransmitter to receptors, 2: generation of action potential in the postsynaptic cell axon, 4: removal of neurotransmitter molecules from receptors)

The dark staining area of a sarcomere is the _______.

A Band

The portion of a sarcomere that contains the thick filaments and the zone of overlap is the

A band

Which of the following is true of a muscle that is relaxing?

AChE is present in the synaptic cleft

Which of the following describes a central canal?

All of the above (contains an artery, runs parallel to osteons, contains a vein, contains a nerve)

Which of the following is a function of skeletal muscle?

All of the above (generate heat, produce movement, maintain posture, support soft tissues)

Osseous tissue is classified as which of the following?

Connective tissue

Why does a skeletal muscle fiber have more than one nucleus?

During development, groups of embryonic cells fuse together to form a single muscle fiber.

The area of a myofibril where there are no actin filaments is the

H band

Endochondral ossification begins with

Hyaline cartilage

Which of the following selections lists only type of glial cells?

Microglia, oligodendrocytes, & Schwann Cells

The muscles that support the shoulder and limit its movement range are collectively called ________.

Rotator cuff

How do hormones regulate the pattern of bone growth?

They change the rates of osteoblast and osteoclast activity

Organic components of the matrix of bone include

collagen fibers

The periosteum

covers the outside of bones

Ossification of flat bones is called

intramembranous

The number of cells per motor unit in the leg muscles is most likely

many thousands

Which of the following is a fibrocartilaginous structure within the knee?

menisci

The midline region of the mandible is called the

mental protuberance

The epiphyseal cartilage connects to the diaphysis by a narrow zone called the

metaphysis

A very good sprinter is likely to have

more fast twitch fibers than average

myelin is (a)

mostly lipid

All the muscle fibers controlled by a single motor neuron constitute a

motor unit

When a resting muscle contracts only enough the produce tension without movement, this is an example of

muscle tone

slow twitch fibers appear red due to the intracellular storage of

myoglobin

The inferior, posterior head is the ____ region

occipital

Which type of cell can only be found in the central nervous system?

oligodendrocytes

In the care of the biceps brachii, the scapula is the ___; the radius is the ____.

origin; insertion

In osseous tissue, which of the following is able to break down bone?

osteoclasts

Mature bone cells that monitor the matrix are

osteocytes

Muscle fibers can have various arrangements. The most powerful arrangement is called

pennate

The first location of long bone formation begins in an area called (the)

primary ossification center

Troponin is which os the following types of molecules?

regulatory

In the case of most neurons, the arrival of a nerve impulse at the terminal bouton immediately triggers

release of ACh at the presynaptic membrane

The joint that permits the greatest range of motion in the entire body is the

shoulder

receptors may be classified as

somatic and visceral

The two types of osseous tissue are _______ & _______.

spongy and compact bone

Which is a major function of the skeletal system?

support

Neuroglia in the nervous system function to

support the neurons

A joint that holds skull bones together is called (a)

suture

Which of the following is a classification of a cartilaginous joint?

symphisis

The sliding mechanism of myofilaments works when

the myosin heads of the thick filaments bind to active sites of the thin filaments

the structural classification of a neuron is based upon

the number of processes that project from the cell body

The rate of conduction of a nerve impulse depends upon

the presence or absence of a myelin sheath

Surface anatomy is used to study

the relationship of deep anatomy to superficial landmarks on the human body

Spongy bone is made up of a network of bony spines called

trabeculae

perforating canals (canals of Volkmann)

transmit blood vessels to osteons deep inside the bone

Which of the following associations is the shoulder?

triaxial—ball and socket

In the skeletal system, compact bone is located

where bones are most heavily stressed

areas of the nervous system that are dense in myelinated axons are referred to as

white matter

Which of the following associations is most accurate?

diarthroses—synovial

When a neural pathway splits to involve many areas of the nervous system, the type of processing is known as

diverging

muscles, glands, and special cells that respond to neural stimuli are called

effector

The attachment of muscle to a bone is called

either a tendon or aponeurosis

the layers of connective tissue surrounding a skeletal muscle from the inside to the outside in correct order are

endomysium, perimysium, and epimysium

The sarcoplasmic reticulum is (the)

endoplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscle fibers

Which of the following neuroglia produce cerebrospinal fluid?

ependymal cells

What characteristic of muscle tissue allows it to respond to a stimulation?

excitability

Which of the following are most closely involved with somatic sensory neurons?

exteroceptors

A joint that permits free movement is called

a synovial joint

Action potentials result from

abrubt changing of the transmembrane potential

Various classifications of joints are based on

all of the answers are correct

During endochondral bone formation

all the answers are correct

The triceps brachii and biceps brachii are good examples of

an agonist-antagonist pair

a bone cell that produces new bone matrix is

an osteoblast

Intercarpal joints are

gliding joints

Due to the lack of use, a muscle will lose size, tone, and power through the process of

atrophy

The flap of skin and cartilage in the temporal region is called the

auricle

Cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands are under the control of the

autonomic nervous system

Movement of nutrients, wastes, and organelles between the cell body and zxon terminals is called

axoplasmic transport

The function of T tubules is to

help distribute the electrical signal to contract throughout the muscle fiber

Which of the following is produced within red bone marrow?

blood cells

Troponin assists in controlling the interaction between myosin heads and thin filaments by

both holding and moving the tropomyosin strands

The central nervous system (CNS) includes the

brain and spinal cord

The deposit of calcium salts within a tissue is

calcification

the sarcoplasmic reticulum stores

calcium ions

The anatomical subdivisions of the nervous system are (the)

central and peripheral nervous systems

The muscles surrounding the eyes and mouth are classified as

circular

A neuron pool is

a group of interconnected neurons with specific functions

The motor neuron releases its neurotransmitter on a special region in the sarcolemma called

a motor end plate