Chapter 6 Chapter Quiz

Individual moral consciousness is formed almost entirely by individual factors. True False

False

It is right to assume that higher-level employees are also applying higher-level ethical theories to their decisions. True False

False

The ethical decision-making process is fundamentally different from the managerial decision-making process. True False

False

Alexandra wants to become a more virtuous employee. What action should she take to achieve this goal? read lots of ethics books practice good habits determine what her own preferences are consider that her actions have consequences

practice good habits

Salvatore thinks he would like to be a utilitarian manager. What should he consider when making decisions if he wants to be utilitarian in his judgments? Does this action encourage virtuous behaviors? Can this act be universalized? How does this action uplift those with less power than me? What is the greatest good for the greatest number?

What is the greatest good for the greatest number?

Kidder's work has found that there is a strong consensus globally around the values of respect, fairness, responsibility, compassion, and ______. gratitude wisdom loyalty honesty

honesty

What is the first step in ethical decision-making? list options consult the legal team consider the consequences determine blame

list options

When a contentious issue arises, it is okay to avoid discussing ethical concerns in order to maintain workplace harmony. True False

False

What question should a person ask if they want to make decisions in accordance with virtue ethics? How will this action further my own goals? Can this be universalized? Are these the actions an ethically praiseworthy person would take? What are the consequences of these actions?

Are these the actions an ethically praiseworthy person would take?

Scott is a manager who has been asked to alter company policies in order to comply with a new but ethically dubious law. What should Scott do to evaluate whether or not to comply with the law? He should evaluate the law on the basis of its economic impact. The law might harm the company's bottom line so he should resist. He should evaluate it on the basis of respect for all and encouraging virtuous behavior. If it is legal, it is ethical so he should comply.

He should evaluate it on the basis of respect for all and encouraging virtuous behavior.

People often act in ways that demonstrate their ethical judgments. True False

True

According to Aristotle, the greatest happiness consists in achieving excellence in virtue. True False

True

What is the difference between a utilitarian approach and a cultural relativist approach to ethics? Utilitarianism is consequence-based. Utilitarianism is specific, cultural relativism is general. Cultural relativism is more informal than utilitarianism. Cultural relativism is more aspirational.

Utilitarianism is consequence-based.

Anna Maria has a number of managers who work really well with their teams, but not with members of other teams. Often, each manager has different expectations for other team members than for their own team members. Anna Maria is concerned because this behavior may cause which problem? decreases worker productivity opens up employees to poaching from competitors creates customer suspicion about the company's ethics creates double standards for employee behavior

creates double standards for employee behavior

Xavier and Jenna work together. During lunch one day, Xavier says that growing up, he was taught that public displays of emotion, especially positive ones, are undesirable and inappropriate. Jenna, on the other hand, notes that she grew up in a very emotionally expressive environment. What does this scenario demonstrate? human nature moral intensity cultural impact on behavior social group relativism

cultural impact on behavior

What variables in moral development are unique to the individual level? public identity and social belonging vocational preferences decision style and locus of control preferred ethical theory

decision style and locus of control

What action should be taken when there is a failure to get consensus among conflicting employees? emphasize the need to conform to the decisions of leadership in order to promote unity express the strengths and weaknesses of a decision and how it will be addressed say that the injured party is in your thoughts and prayers refer any complaints to the employee handbook

express the strengths and weaknesses of a decision and how it will be addressed

What action should be taken when there is a failure to get consensus among conflicting employees? emphasize the need to conform to the decisions of leadership in order to promote unity say that the injured party is in your thoughts and prayers refer any complaints to the employee handbook express the strengths and weaknesses of a decision and how it will be addressed

express the strengths and weaknesses of a decision and how it will be addressed

Each ethical theory provides essentially the same vantage point for managers to deal with employee complaints. True False

False

Egoism determines ethical priority on the basis of one's ______. moral intention social integration ethical integrity self-interest

self-interest

When ethical theories conflict, it is often best to consider ______ as the highest priority. what a virtuous person would do industry standards the moral law legal requirements

what a virtuous person would do

Why are ethical dilemmas complicated? Human beings are difficult to understand. Ethics itself is complicated. Tradeoffs between competing values. The business jargon often increases confusion.

Tradeoffs between competing values.

An ethical intention is often described as attempting to take a morally appropriate action in a given situation. True False

True

People engage in more systematic ethical decision-making processes when ______ to others. justifying behaviors stating a preference listing pros and cons calling out bad behaviors

justifying behaviors

Asking about who is affected by an action is commonly referred to as stakeholder analysis. True False

True

When a rationalization for unethical behavior is invoked, it is important to first ______. report it to a manager pause for reflection discuss the issue with a colleague confront the employee

pause for reflection

Which statement best summarizes the approach that treats all stakeholders with respect and integrity? The greatest good for the greatest number of people. Morality is a form of power struggle between classes. Morality is a series of decisions made in accordance with practical wisdom. Universal adherence to the moral law in all situations.

The greatest good for the greatest number of people.

Katya is a manager with numerous complaints about policies from employees. What action should she take to address these complaints? Refer all employees to the code of conduct. Encourage employees to sort out their problems themselves. Categorize them according to the ethical perspective of the employee and address them as such. Tell the employees to ignore the concerns and keep working.

Categorize them according to the ethical perspective of the employee and address them as such.

Why is justifying an action's morality by citing its legality insufficient ethical reasoning? Law is made by humans. Moral law is different than political law. Ethics are more than just the law. Laws are relative to culture.

Ethics are more than just the law.

Among moral philosophers it has been long established that the ______ takes precedence over individual self-interest, should both ideas come into conflict. Golden Rule teleological suspension of the ethical hypothetical imperative categorical imperative

Golden Rule

What benefit is there to communicate the ethical reasoning of a decision made to an employee who disagrees with that decision? It is good practice for virtuous behavior. It underlines the importance of compliance to all employees. It leads to understanding and communication with the rest of the organization. It makes the one communicating look like a moral exemplar.

It leads to understanding and communication with the rest of the organization.

Charlene wants to communicate to her colleagues and managers that she is seriously committed to ethical behavior. What symbolic action can she take to accomplish this goal? Place a statue of religious figures in her office. Send a companywide email saying she can't be persuaded to be unethical. Talk about how ethical she is with everyone in the office. Memorize the employee code of conduct and bring it up often.

Place a statue of religious figures in her office.

Orroro works at a bakery and provides leftover bread to any unhoused persons who come by the shop after closing. One day, she is confronted by police and asked about providing this excess bread to unhoused persons. Providing food for unhoused persons is illegal in the area even though hunger is very high. If Orroro is a deonologist, how should she act? She should tell the truth about her actions. She should lie to protect the unhoused persons. She should consider the consequences of her actions. She should remain silent when asked any questions.

She should tell the truth about her actions.

It is beneficial to summarize the options of a decision on the basis of their strengths and weaknesses regarding the six ethical theories. True False

True

Remy works for a defense company programming a military drone targeting system. He knows the system will be accurate sixty-nine percent of the time. If he adheres to a utilitarian ethical framework, what should he do knowing the accuracy of the drone? consider the consequences of a substantially inaccurate drone perform his duty as an employee and finish the project determine what is in his own self-interest consider what a virtuous person would do

consider the consequences of a substantially inaccurate drone

Ethical intuition refers to a ______ independent of any major reasoning process. moral judgment legal ruling systematic moral evaluation gut reaction

gut reaction

Cultural relativism is a ______ theory where rightness is dependent upon conformity to custom. person-based law-based virtue-based principle-based

law-based

Jean is a manager at a grocery store where Logan is working. Jean knows that Logan has to work multiple jobs to put food on the table. If Jean wants to be an ethically sensitive manager, what action should she take? cut his hours so he has more time with family ask him "No really, how are you?" pay a living wage give him the easy tasks

pay a living wage