Chapter 6 MIS

CDN and purpose and advantages

(Content delivery network) is a system of hardware and software that stores user data in many different geographical locations and makes those data available on demand. Allows data to be accessed from all across the nation at a high speed.

Define URL

(Uniform resource locator) is an address on the internet.

Private cloud

A cloud owned and operated by an organization for its own benefit.

Computer Network

A collection of computers that communicate with one another over transmission lines or wirelessly.

Define three-tier architecture and name and describe the role of each tier

A design of user computers and servers that consist of three categories. -User tier: Request and process Web Pages -Server tier: run Web servers and process application programs. Database tier: Processes requests to retrieve and store data.

Protocol and purpose

A set of rules and data structures for organizing communication. Computers need to use protocols so they can exchange data.

Key distinction of a LAN

All of the computers are located on property controlled by the organization that operates the LAN.

Define TCP/IP protocol architecture and explain.

Basic plumbing of the internet that is made of 5 layers, one or more protocols at each layer.

Why it is unlikely that very large organizations can create private clouds that compete with public cloud utilities.

Because they can't employ thousands of highly trained, personnel to create, manage, administer, and improve their cloud services.

Why the benefits of a private cloud are questionable

Because they don't provide secure access from outside the infrastructure. And they also don't have use for the servers once they go idle.

Future for the cloud?

Become faster, more secure, easier to use, and cheaper.

How web services can be used internally?

Can be used for inventory, and storing data that has little elastic data. Good for Sales, shipping, customer services, accounting.

Summarize the advantages of using SOA in the three-tier architecture.

Companies can run multiple services around the world without needing to change a thing.

Benefits from the clouds resource elasticity, pooling, and unique Internet connectivity

Decreased cost, no longer need big hardware, can access data organization wide on about any device. Quicker access to data.

Three ways of connecting to a LAN or computer to the Internet

Digital subscriber line, cable line, WAN wireless connection.

Define Cloud

Elastic leasing of a pooled computer resources over the internet.

Good and bad news for the cloud

Good news: organizations can readily obtain elastic resources at very low costs and the size is getting bigger. Bad news: Runs smaller companies out of business.

Purpose of TCP

Guarantee delivery by requiring the receiver to send back an acknowledgement that the packet was received.

Purpose of http, https, smtp, and ftp

HTTP: protocol used between browsers and web browsers. HTTPS: Secure transmission of a HTTP SMTP: email transmissions. FTP: moves files over the internet.

IEEE 802.3 and 802.11 and differences

IEEE 802.3: Used for wired LAN connections also called ethernet. IEEE 802.11: Used for wireless LAN connections.

Define IP address and why public IP addresses are necessary to deliver packages

IP address is the number that identifies a particular devices and they allow them to access the internet.

What circumstances does the private cloud make sense.

If the organization is required by law or business custom to maintain physical control over its stored data.

How remote systems will increase the value of super-experts but diminish local mediocrity.

It allows the most intelligent people to get to places that are too dangerous to go now, but loses the value to go see something like a show.

Purpose of a domain name and how they go with public IP addresses

It is not necessary, but it gives the package a unique name that is affiliated with the IP address.

Define peering agreements and explain why carriers make them

Large carriers exchange traffic without charging each other access fees.

What kind of organization might benefit from private clouds

Large conglomerate or major international company could balance processing loads across subsidiary business units and across different geographical regions.

Factors to move to the cloud

Organizations no longer need to purchase, configure, and maintain expensive computing infrastructure, which reduces cost.

Differences among PANs, LANs, WANs, intranets, internets, and the Internet

PAN: Devices connected around a single person. LAN: Computers connected at a single physical site. WAN: Computers connected between two or more separate sites. Internets: Network of networks and connects these three. The Internet: the collection of networks that you use when you send email or access a Web site.

SaaS and Example

Provides not only hardware infrastructure and an operating system but application programs and databases as well. Ex: Office 365, iCloud, Salesforce.com

Differences between scalability and elasticity

Scalability is just an increase in data, while elasticity is a massive increase and decrease in data.

Using department analogy, define SOA and why departments are encapsulated.

Service- oriented architecture is all interactions among computing devices that are defined as services in a formal, standardized way. Departments are encapsulated because they are free to change personnel task assignments and to change the way it performs its services, and no other department needs to know that a change occurred.

Three categories of remote action systems.

Telediagnosis, telesurgery, telelaw enforcement.

Iaas and Example

The cloud hosting of a bare server computer, data storage, network, and virtualization. Amazon EC2, Amazon S3

Differences between mainframe, client-server, and cloud architectures

The mainframe keeps everything centralized between the thin clients and the head database. Client Servers allows clients to send requests across the internet to servers. Cloud servers allow data to be stored up in the air(cloud).

Describe how the internet and the US postal system are similar

They use the same steps when delivering the package. Assemble it(Packet). Put name on Package (Domain Name). Look up address (DNS). Put address on package (IP address). Put registered mail sticker on package (TCP). Ship package (Carriers).

Paas and Example

Vendors provide hosted computers with an operating system, runtime environment, and middleware like a Web server or a DBMS. Ex: Google App engine.

Define virtual and how it relates to VPN

Virtual is something that appears to exist but in fact doesn't. It uses the public internet to create the appearance of a private connection on a secure network.

Define VPC and explain how and why an organization might use one.

Virtual private cloud is a subset of a public cloud that has highly restricted, secure access. They can use it to store the less sensitive data.

Purpose of a VPN and describe how it works

Virtual private network uses the internet to create the appearance of private, secure, connections. It uses the public internet to create the appearance of a private connection on a secure network.

Define the purpose and role of WSDL, SOAP, XML, and JSON.

WSDL: Standard for describing the services, inputs and outputs, and other data supported by a Web service. SOAP: A protocol for requesting web services and for sending responses to Web service requests. XML: A markup language used for transmitting documents. JSON: A markup language used for transmitting documents.

Key differences between XML and JSON

XML contains much metadata that can be used to validate the format and completeness of the documents while JSON contains little metadata and is preferred for transmitting volumes of data between servers and browsers.

Would Netflix be for or against net neutrality

Yes, they use more than 30 percent of all internet, which would be very expensive if they didn't have a peering agreement, and also slow down their speed.