Chapter 9 Reading Quiz - Forests and Forestry

Which of the following statements regarding forestry is true? While forest fires can destroy forest, small fires are sometimes intentionally set and managed to clear underbrush and prevent larger, catastrophic fires. Clear-cutting is often utilized because it is the most cost-efficient method for harvesting timber. Timber in the United States can be legally harvested on private land, but not on federal or state forests. The acreage of land covered by forest decreased from 1990 to 2010 in all major world regions.

-While forest fires can destroy forest, small fires are sometimes intentionally set and managed to clear underbrush and prevent larger, catastrophic fires. -Clear-cutting is often utilized because it is the most cost-efficient method for harvesting timber.

What percentage of the world's marine environments are in protected areas or reserves?

10%

Forests cover ___________ of Earth's land surface.

31%

What percentage of U.S. land area is in wilderness areas?

4.5%

Today's system of national forests consists of 77 million ha (190 million acres), managed by the U.S. Forest Service and covering more than __________% of the nation's land area.

8%

What country has designated more protected acreage than any other nation?

Brazil

The harvesting method that is most damaging to the environment is________________. Salvage logging New forestry Selective harvesting Clear-cutting

Clear-cutting

Which of the following harvesting methods is the most cost-efficient? Seed-tree approach Shelterwood approach Uneven approach Clear-cutting

Clear-cutting

Which of the following types of organisms would most likely be found in the understory of a forest? Deep water fish Shrubs Decomposers Birds of prey

Decomposers

Which of the following management practices attempts to minimize ecological impact by allowing some trees in a forest to grow to maturity? Ecosystem-based management Clear-cutting of secondary forests Maximum sustainable yield Understory management

Ecosystem-based management

What would one call trees planted in a stand at the same time? Step-laddered Uneven aged Even aged Terraced

Even aged

What sort of negative impact is development having on forested areas?

Habitat fragmentation

__________ are organizations that purchase land to preserve it in its natural condition.

Land trusts

What is the difference between biosphere reserves and other protected areas?

Local people are allowed to live in and harvest resources from the outer areas of the reserve.

Which of the following statements is true regarding the edge effect in the Amazon? Small fragmented populations lose more species and lose them faster than large fragmented populations. There is more diversity found in fragmented areas. Fragmented areas lose species at a slower rate. The edge effect does not exist here.

Small fragmented populations lose more species and lose them faster than large fragmented populations.

Which of the following phrases best describes goals behind the resource-management strategies that do not deplete the resource? Soil conservation Preservation of natural areas Maintenance of species diversity in ecosystems Sustainable use of natural resources

Sustainable use of natural resources

What sorts of limitations are placed upon national wildlife refuges? The refuges are preserves that are off limits to all public uses. The refuges are open from 6 a.m. to 10 a.m. only for educational purposes. The refuges are public lands with no restrictions for use whatsoever. The refuges are open for hunting, fishing, education, and other public uses.

The refuges are open for hunting, fishing, education, and other public uses.

How do resource managers achieve maximum sustainable yield? They supplement the available natural food with processed, high-nutrient feed. They keep the population at 50% of the carrying capacity, thus maximizing the growth rate. When they use up the resource in the area they manage, they move on to a fresh area. They raise the average temperature so that enzymes work faster and growth is greater.

They keep the population at 50% of the carrying capacity, thus maximizing the growth rate.

What sort of reserve can act as a "peace park"?

Transboundary reserves

What is the process in which forest plants release water back into the atmosphere?

Transpiration

Why do urbanized societies need stretches of uninhabited and undeveloped land?

Uninhabited and undeveloped lands provide natural resources that, in turn, provide the ecosystem services and the psychological relief needed to support urban populations.

Within which country did the world's first national parks open?

United states

Forest managers harvest at this population size to obtain maximum sustainable yield. When the population is at 25% of carrying capacity When the population is at 50% of carrying capacity When the population is at 75% of carrying capacity When the population is at 90% of carrying capacity Submit

When the population is at 50% of carrying capacity

Mr. Smith has been hired to manage a swath of land owned by a private company. His goal is to manage the forest in the most sustainable way while still using the land and making a profit. At first, he manages the land using the concept of maximum sustainable yield. After a few years he realizes that ecosystem-based management is more appropriate for this particular swath of land. Mr. Smith is using __________. single-use management timber famine adaptive management primary-secondary management

adaptive management

Most of the world's forests are __________. temperate rainforests tropical rainforests tropical dry forests boreal forests

boreal forests

What environmental issue, partially affected by human activities, is directly threatening to cause problems for our forest-protection efforts?

climate change

What is the term for the right that companies purchase to extract forest resources? Clear-cutting Concession Conservation Deforestation

concession

What are the three parts of a biosphere reserve?

core, buffer & transition zones

What are corridors?

protected lands that allow animals to travel between islands of habitat

A fire hits an old forest with large, old trees. A large section of the forest is burned down. Over many years, new, immature trees replace the old ones. How can the new area be characterized? It is an old-growth forest. It is a secondary forest. It is a primary forest. It is a savanna.

secondary forest

With very few exceptions, what sort of forest is in the United States?

secondary forest

Within which section of a biosphere reserve is agriculture practiced sustainably, in a limited manner?

transition zone

Currently, what sorts of forests are being lost more rapidly than others? Boreal forests City forests Temperate rainforests Tropical rainforests

tropical rainforests

Which of the following forestry practices would best conserve biodiversity? clear-cutting stands of timber leaving several small areas uncut in the middle of a clear-cut the shelterwood approach using a selection system to get uneven-aged stands

using a selection system to get uneven-aged stands

What is the U.S. government designation that provides the most protection from human damage to a public area?

wilderness area

The national _____________, begun in 1903 by President Theodore Roosevelt, now totals more than 560 sites comprising nearly 60 million ha. land trusts wildlife refuge biosphere reserves wilderness areas.

wildlife refuge