Chapter 6 Rock n Roll - Motwon Pop and Southern Soul

Motown Records was located in which city?

Detroit

Which member of the Supremes left the group in 1969 to focus on a solo career?

Diana Ross

James Brown's early hits were in what style?

Doo-wop

What was purpose of the Motown "charm school"?

Educate artists from lower income areas on how to behave/carry themselves in diff social situtations to achieve crossover success.

Curtis Mayfield was most famously involved as a a producer for the Four Tops.

False

The "delayed backbeat" is a concept specific to the Chess record label.

False

The quintessential Motown girl group in the 1960s was the Temptations.

False

There are no stylistic differences between Atlantic's approaches to sweet sould and southern soul.

False

Which type of music served as the root of Aretha Franklin's singing?

Gospel

How did James Brown act as a bandleader?

He picked the best musicians he could find, rehearsed a lot & fined them for mistakes

Who was Cholly Atkins?

He was a choreographer who taught artists onstage movements and dance steps.

The nickname for Motown Records was ___________.

Hitsville, USA

The Supremes had a string of hits songs written and produced by __________.

Holland-Dozier-Holland

Berry Gordy got his start in songwriting by creating material for:

Jackie Wilson

Who were the founders of Stax Records?

Jim Stewart and Estelle Axton

Which singer performed lead vocals in the Four Tops?

Levi Stubbs

James Brown's career began when he stood in for which musician?

Little Richard

The first hit record for Motown from 1959 was:

Money (That's What I Want)

Otis Redding, supported by Booker T. & the MG's, performed at the __________ in the spring of 1967.

Monterey Pop Festival

In comparison to Atlantic/Stax, the musical style of Motown is often viewed as:

More pop oriented

Which of the following labels had their artists tour the UK with hopes of creating a "reverse invasion"?

Motown

Where was Fame Studios located?

Muscle Shoals, Alabama

Which of the following labels did Columbia revive in the 1950s to explore new R&B markets?

Okeh

Which Stax artist died in a plane crash in 1967?

Otis Redding

Explain the concept of the "delayed backbeat".

Rhythmic feature found on Stax recordings. Based on dance that stressed beats two and four and delayed them as long as possible.

Which artists were provided "on loan" to Stax studio by Jerry Wexler?

Sam and Dave

Arethia Franklin is often called the "Queen of ________".

Soul

After a number-one hit as a teenager, ___________ began to self-produce his Motown albums and exert creative control over his music.

Stevie Wonder

Explain the difference between sweet soul and southern soul.

Sweet Soul- elegant and restrained; Southern Soul-more openly enthusiastic in emotions/ expression, closely related to gospel

Which group best represents the essence of the Chicago R&B scene in the 1960s?

The Impressions

Which Motown group showcased the high tenor voice of Eddie Kendricks?

The Temptation

Name two successful Motown guy groups.

The Temptations and the Four Tops

What was the purpose of the "quality control" meetings at Motown?

To hold a final test for each song, including its arrangement and recorded sound

According the Berry Gordy, Motown artists had to project an image of class and sophistication.

True

Berry Gordy's desire to appeal to white audiences prompted criticism that Motown sold out to white America T/F:

True

Berry Gordy's method of production was derived from Brill Building practices.

True

By the early 1970s, the music of Marvin Gay, the Temptations, and Stevie Wonder increasingly considered issues related to black urban life.

True

In the early 1960s, Stax was a much smaller operation than Motown.

True

James Brown often fined musicians who made mistakes during performances

True

Marvin Gaye initially sought a career as a pop crooner in the vein of Frank Sinatra and Nat "King" Cole.

True

Rock communities embraced southern R&B as the "real thing"

True

What was "quality control" for Motown Records?

Weekly meetings where Gordy & his staff "tested" songs and arrangements. Also presented potential releases so Motown employees and members of community could vote on what went out later in the week

"Respect"

a cover version was recorded by Aretha Franklin

The Fabulous Flames

a group that worked with James Brown for a period of time

"My Girl"

a hit song for the Temptations

The Funk Brothers

a studio band for Motown records

Berry Gordy's desire to appeal to white audiences prompted:

accusations that Motown had sold out

All of the following are characteristics of the "Stax sound" EXCEPT

backup vocals

All of the following are musical features of James Brown's "Papa's Got a Brand New Bag, Pt. 1" EXCEPT

doo-wop style backup vocals

James Brown's musical style turned toward

funk

Marvin Gaye

had hit duet songs with Tammi Terrell

Jerry Wexler

music producer who worked with Atlantic and Stax

Soulsville, USA

nickname for Stax Records

Originally, Martha Reeves was hired by Motown as a:

secretary

David Porter and Issac Hayes

songwriters from Stax Records

Martha and the Vandellas were former members of which group?

the Del-Phins

"Someday We'll Be Together"

the last song released before Diana Ross started her solo career

Why did Berry Gordy want to move his label to Los Angeles?

to become more involved in the film industry

Cropper and Dunn

two members from Booker T. & the MG's

On the song "Baby Love," what was used to create the hand claplike sounds in the introduction?

two-by-fours slapping together

The Primettes:

was the former band name for the Supremes

One of the cofounders of Atlantic Records was:

Ahmet Ertegun

Stevie Wonder's first number-one hit on the pop and rhythm and blues chart was:

"Fingertips, Pt. 2"

Which Stax song first used the rhythmic concept of the "delayed backbeat"?

"In the Midnight Hour"

The business partnership between Atlantic and Stax dissolved in part due to

Atlantic actually owning the master tapes for Stax recordings under contract

Many Stax recordings depended on their studio band called:

Booker T. and the MG's

The period 1964-1967 at Motown was dominated by which writing and production team?

Brian Holland, Lamont Dozier, and Eddie Holland

The Chicago record label _______________ released a broad range of black pop during the 1960s by artists such as Etta James, Sugar Pie DeSanto, and Jackie Ross.

Chess

By following the example of _____________ with 1950s crossovers, Berry Gordy decided that original versions of Motown recordings should be acceptable to white audiences.

Chuck Berry

Aretha Franklin's first record contract was with which label?

Columbia