Chapter 7
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
(1632-1723) a Dutch tradesman and scientist who is known as "the Father of Microbiology;" the first person to see bacteria through a microscope; best known for his work on the improvement of the microscope and his work which led to the creation of the field of study called microbiology
Humans and apes belong to the Family...
Hominidae
Ferdinand Cohn
-German botanist -Discovered heat resistant bacteria endospores; clarified what sometimes fail to completely eliminate all microorganisms.
A microscope that has a total magnification of 1,500x when using the oil immersion objective has and ocular of what power?
15x
Microbiology
A branch of biology dealing especially with microscopic forms of life (as bacteria, protozoans, viruses, and fungi).
Organelle
A small component of eukaryotic cells that is bounded by a membrane and specialized in function.
Which of the following are major branches of study in microbiology? A. Mycology B. Bacteriology C. Zoology D. Virology
A,B,D
Which photosynthetic single-celled or multicellular microorganisms are often found in aquatic environments? Multiple choice question.
Algae
Which are correct regarding the six "I"s used for culturing microorganisms?
Aseptic technique should be maintained. It is important to work with a pure culture for proper identification.
Identify the statement which accurately describes the six "I"s for the culturing of microorganisms. A The microbe collection must not be contaminated. B Microbes must be grown in pure culture C Contamination is not a concern during inspection.
B Microbes must be grown in pure culture
Which group of microorganisms include parasitic worms? A. Algae B. Helminths C. Protozoa D. Viruses
B. Helminths
Which of the following is not able to replicate on its own? A. helminths B. Viruses C. Protozoa D. Archaea
B.Viruses
Which of the following microorganisms represent prokaryotic cell types? A. Protists B.Algae C.Viruses D.Bacteria
Bacteria
Agar is superior to gelatin as a solidifying agent because agar A. does not melt at room temp B. solidifies at 75 degrees Celsius C. is not usually decomposed by microorganisms D. both a and c
D. Both a and c
_______are heterotrophic unicellular or multicellular eukaryotic organisms including yeasts, molds, and mushrooms.
Fungi
Microbiology involves the study of microscopic organisms or agents, including which of the following? A. Fungi B. Fleas C. Protozoa D. Viruses E. Bacteria F. Helminths
Fungi, protozoa, viruses, bacteria, helminths
parasite (pathogen)
Lives in or on the body of a larger organism called the host and derives most of its sustenance from that host. It's actions generally damage the host through infection and disease.
Identify the statement which accurately describes the six "I"s for the culturing of microorganisms.
Microbes must be grown in pure culture
is a specialized area of biology that deals with living things ordinarily too small to be seen without magnification.
Microbiology
___________is the study of simple photosynthetic eukaryotic organisms, the algae. (Choose one term to insert in the blank.)
Phycology
Which type of microorganism lacks a membrane-bound nucleus and most membrane-bound organelles?
Prokaryotic
______are a group of single-celled eukaryotic organisms that lack a cell wall
Protozoa, protists, or protozoans
prokaryotic cell
Small cell lacking special structures such as a nucleus and organelles. All prokaryotes are microorganisms.
T/F Prokaryotic cells are smaller than eukaryotic cells, and in addition to lacking a nucleus, they lack organelles, which are structure in the cells bound by one or more membranes.
T
phycology or algology
The study of simple photosynthetic eukaryotes, the algae, ranging from single-celled forms to large seaweeds
T/F Microorganisms are found in all natural habitats, such as deep beneath the polar ice caps and hot springs, as well as, in most artificial habitats including toxic waste dumps.
True
T/F Viral particles are usually smaller than prokaryotic cells
True
What microbe is not cellular (acellular) and is composed of nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat?
Virus
The major types of microorganisms or agents include which of the following?
Viruses, protozoa, bacteria, fungi, algae
Resolution is ______ with a longer wavelength of light. a. improved b. not changed c. worsened d. not possible
b. not changed
Certain microbes can break down heavy metals and pesticides contaminating soils by a process called
bioremediation
Which of the following processes is the decomposition of harmful chemicals by microbes? A. pasteurization B. bioremediation C. fermentation
bioremediation
term used to describe a collection of bacteria growing in broth or on agar?
culture
A subculture is a
culture made from an isolated colony
_________ is the breakdown of dead matter and wastes into simple compounds that can be directed back into the natural cycle of living things.
decomposition
In the Woese-Fox system of classification,which is the most general category in which an organism is assigned?
domain
Which of the following microscopes uses subatomic particles, not light waves, as an illumination source to provide high magnification and high resolution?
electron
For the microbe, Escherichia coli, Escherichia represents the ______ level of classification
genus
The ________ stain is the most universal differential staining technique for bacteria, and it differentiates bacteria based on their cell wall structure.
gram
Mobility is best observed with a
hanging drop preparation
Which of the following is a common method for attaching bacteria to a glass slide?
heat fixation
What are the six "I"s?
inoculation, incubation, isolation, inspection, information gathering, identification
The specimen for an electron microscope is always
killed
The term culture refers to the _____ growth of microorganisms in _____.
macroscopic, media
The two key characteristics of a reliable microscope are __________, the ability to make objects appear enlarged, and _________, the ability to show detail
magnification; resolving power
The unit of measurement for most bacterial cells is ______ and most viruses is ______.
micrometers; nanometers
A real image is produced by the
objective
A mixed culture is
one that contains tow or more known species.
The process that most accounts for magnification is
refraction of light rays
A collection of bacteria on a loop which is thinly spread across a glass slide, allowed to air-dry, and heat fixed is called a
smear
Bacteriology
study of bacteria; small, single-celled prokaryotic organisms
Some strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are resistant to so many antibiotics that it has become known as a(n) "
super bugs
Which event helped establish the science of microbiology?
the development of the microscope
Protozoology
the study of Protozoa; a group mostly single-celled eukaryotes
Mycology
the study of fungi; eukaryotic organisms that include both microscopic (molds and yeasts) and larger members like mushrooms, puffballs, and truffles
Parasitology
the study of parasites; traditionally including pathogenic protozoa, helmets worms, and certain insects
Virology
the study of viruses; noncellular particles that parasitize cells