Chapter 7

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

(1632-1723) a Dutch tradesman and scientist who is known as "the Father of Microbiology;" the first person to see bacteria through a microscope; best known for his work on the improvement of the microscope and his work which led to the creation of the field of study called microbiology

Humans and apes belong to the Family...

Hominidae

Ferdinand Cohn

-German botanist -Discovered heat resistant bacteria endospores; clarified what sometimes fail to completely eliminate all microorganisms.

A microscope that has a total magnification of 1,500x when using the oil immersion objective has and ocular of what power?

15x

Microbiology

A branch of biology dealing especially with microscopic forms of life (as bacteria, protozoans, viruses, and fungi).

Organelle

A small component of eukaryotic cells that is bounded by a membrane and specialized in function.

Which of the following are major branches of study in microbiology? A. Mycology B. Bacteriology C. Zoology D. Virology

A,B,D

Which photosynthetic single-celled or multicellular microorganisms are often found in aquatic environments? Multiple choice question.

Algae

Which are correct regarding the six "I"s used for culturing microorganisms?

Aseptic technique should be maintained. It is important to work with a pure culture for proper identification.

Identify the statement which accurately describes the six "I"s for the culturing of microorganisms. A The microbe collection must not be contaminated. B Microbes must be grown in pure culture C Contamination is not a concern during inspection.

B Microbes must be grown in pure culture

Which group of microorganisms include parasitic worms? A. Algae B. Helminths C. Protozoa D. Viruses

B. Helminths

Which of the following is not able to replicate on its own? A. helminths B. Viruses C. Protozoa D. Archaea

B.Viruses

Which of the following microorganisms represent prokaryotic cell types? A. Protists B.Algae C.Viruses D.Bacteria

Bacteria

Agar is superior to gelatin as a solidifying agent because agar A. does not melt at room temp B. solidifies at 75 degrees Celsius C. is not usually decomposed by microorganisms D. both a and c

D. Both a and c

_______are heterotrophic unicellular or multicellular eukaryotic organisms including yeasts, molds, and mushrooms.

Fungi

Microbiology involves the study of microscopic organisms or agents, including which of the following? A. Fungi B. Fleas C. Protozoa D. Viruses E. Bacteria F. Helminths

Fungi, protozoa, viruses, bacteria, helminths

parasite (pathogen)

Lives in or on the body of a larger organism called the host and derives most of its sustenance from that host. It's actions generally damage the host through infection and disease.

Identify the statement which accurately describes the six "I"s for the culturing of microorganisms.

Microbes must be grown in pure culture

is a specialized area of biology that deals with living things ordinarily too small to be seen without magnification.

Microbiology

___________is the study of simple photosynthetic eukaryotic organisms, the algae. (Choose one term to insert in the blank.)

Phycology

Which type of microorganism lacks a membrane-bound nucleus and most membrane-bound organelles?

Prokaryotic

______are a group of single-celled eukaryotic organisms that lack a cell wall

Protozoa, protists, or protozoans

prokaryotic cell

Small cell lacking special structures such as a nucleus and organelles. All prokaryotes are microorganisms.

T/F Prokaryotic cells are smaller than eukaryotic cells, and in addition to lacking a nucleus, they lack organelles, which are structure in the cells bound by one or more membranes.

T

phycology or algology

The study of simple photosynthetic eukaryotes, the algae, ranging from single-celled forms to large seaweeds

T/F Microorganisms are found in all natural habitats, such as deep beneath the polar ice caps and hot springs, as well as, in most artificial habitats including toxic waste dumps.

True

T/F Viral particles are usually smaller than prokaryotic cells

True

What microbe is not cellular (acellular) and is composed of nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat?

Virus

The major types of microorganisms or agents include which of the following?

Viruses, protozoa, bacteria, fungi, algae

Resolution is ______ with a longer wavelength of light. a. improved b. not changed c. worsened d. not possible

b. not changed

Certain microbes can break down heavy metals and pesticides contaminating soils by a process called

bioremediation

Which of the following processes is the decomposition of harmful chemicals by microbes? A. pasteurization B. bioremediation C. fermentation

bioremediation

term used to describe a collection of bacteria growing in broth or on agar?

culture

A subculture is a

culture made from an isolated colony

_________ is the breakdown of dead matter and wastes into simple compounds that can be directed back into the natural cycle of living things.

decomposition

In the Woese-Fox system of classification,which is the most general category in which an organism is assigned?

domain

Which of the following microscopes uses subatomic particles, not light waves, as an illumination source to provide high magnification and high resolution?

electron

For the microbe, Escherichia coli, Escherichia represents the ______ level of classification

genus

The ________ stain is the most universal differential staining technique for bacteria, and it differentiates bacteria based on their cell wall structure.

gram

Mobility is best observed with a

hanging drop preparation

Which of the following is a common method for attaching bacteria to a glass slide?

heat fixation

What are the six "I"s?

inoculation, incubation, isolation, inspection, information gathering, identification

The specimen for an electron microscope is always

killed

The term culture refers to the _____ growth of microorganisms in _____.

macroscopic, media

The two key characteristics of a reliable microscope are __________, the ability to make objects appear enlarged, and _________, the ability to show detail

magnification; resolving power

The unit of measurement for most bacterial cells is ______ and most viruses is ______.

micrometers; nanometers

A real image is produced by the

objective

A mixed culture is

one that contains tow or more known species.

The process that most accounts for magnification is

refraction of light rays

A collection of bacteria on a loop which is thinly spread across a glass slide, allowed to air-dry, and heat fixed is called a

smear

Bacteriology

study of bacteria; small, single-celled prokaryotic organisms

Some strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are resistant to so many antibiotics that it has become known as a(n) "

super bugs

Which event helped establish the science of microbiology?

the development of the microscope

Protozoology

the study of Protozoa; a group mostly single-celled eukaryotes

Mycology

the study of fungi; eukaryotic organisms that include both microscopic (molds and yeasts) and larger members like mushrooms, puffballs, and truffles

Parasitology

the study of parasites; traditionally including pathogenic protozoa, helmets worms, and certain insects

Virology

the study of viruses; noncellular particles that parasitize cells