Chapter 7
Height begins to decrease on average after age
30
Throughout life, bone tissue continues to change. ______ are responsible for resorbing bone matrix and ______ are responsible for replacing it.
Osteoclasts; osteoblasts
What vitamin is necessary for proper absorption of calcium in the small intestines?
Vitamin D
What is the role or function of yellow marrow in the bone tissue?
Yellow bone marrow is a site for storage of fat.
Which of the following increases the risk of developing osteoporosis? A. Low intake of dietary calcium B. Lack of physical exercise C. Family history of the condition D. all of above
all of above
Bones A. have a matrix composed mostly of organic salts. B. do not contribute to homeostasis. C. are not living tissue. D. are multifunctional.
are multifunctional
A bone thickens
as compact bone is deposited beneath the periosteum of the diaphysis.
The sternum is part of the
axial skeleton
Osteoblasts are ______, whereas osteocytes are ______.
bone-forming cells; mature bone cells
Which of the following is(are) an example of an intramembranous bone?
broad, flat skull bones
The atlas is one of the
cervical vertebrae
What kind of tissue forms the superficial layer of all parts of a bone?
compact bone
What is the end of a long bone called?
epiphysis
A laminectomy is a procedure used to treat osteoporosis that removes part of the posterior arch of a vertebra. T or F
false
As a person ages, osteoblasts outnumber osteoclasts. T or F
false
Blood cell formation is called osteogenesis. T or F
false
Bone remodeling occurs as osteoblasts resorb bone tissue and osteoclasts replace the bone. T or F
false
Bones are classified as irregular, flat, short, or long. T or F
false
Bones in the human body are non-living. T or F
false
Intervertebral discs are formed of skeletal muscle. T or F
false
Lordosis is excess curvature of the thoracic part of the vertebral column. T or F
false
Testosterone has a stronger effect on epiphyseal plates than estrogens. T or F
false
The appendicular skeleton consists of the parts that support and protect the head, neck, and trunk. T or F
false
The femur extends from the knee to the foot. T or F
false
The first cervical vertebra is the axis and the second is the atlas. T or F
false
The ischium is the anterior part of the hip bone. T or F
false
The sternum develops in three parts: the lower manubrium, middle body, and upper xiphoid. T or F
false
The thyroid gland secretes growth hormone. T or F
false
Based on their shape, the bones of the skull can be classified as: A. long bones B. short bones C. flat bones
flat bones
Pituitary dwarfism results from a decreased secretion of ______ , which as a result decreases the rate of cell division of ______.
growth hormone ; cartilage cells in the epiphyseal plate
Curvatures of the spine produce all of the following except A. lordosis. B. kyphosis. C. scoliosis. D. increased height
increased height
What is a function of bone that is due to its relationship with skeletal muscle?
movement of limbs
Articular cartilage of a long bone is found
on the outer surface of the epiphyses
What cell found in bone functions to deposit bony matrix, resulting in the growth of bone tissue?
osteoblast
Which of the following is not found associated with spongy bone? A. Osteocytes B. Canaliculi C. Osteons
osteons
Compact bone has ________, whereas spongy bone has __________.
osteons; trabeculae
Having extra digits is termed
polydactyly.
The clavicles A. provide attachments for muscles of the pelvic girdle and lower limbs. B. are part of the axial skeleton. C. provide attachments for muscles of the back, chest, and upper limbs.
provide attachments for muscle of the back, chest, and upper limbs
Which of the following bones are part of the appendicular skeleton? A. scapula B. sacrum C. mandible
scapula
The thyroid hormone thyroxine ______.
stimulates replacement of cartilage with bone in the epiphyseal plate
What is an organ that is protected by bones of the axial skeleton?
the heart
In which decade of life does the removal of the bone matrix first exceed production of new bone?
third decade
A bone shaft is the diaphysis; the expanded parts at the ends are the epiphyses. T or F
true
A styloid process is part of the ulna. T or F
true
A young woman is in a car accident. When she regains consciousness, she notices a sharp pain in her left arm. Looking down, she sees a bone sticking out. This is a compound fracture. T or F
true
Fontanels in the fetal skull permit some bone movement, enabling the fetus to pass more easily through the birth canal during childbirth. T or F
true
If the supply of blood cells is deficient, yellow marrow may change into red marrow. T or F
true
Kyphosis is excess curvature of the thoracic part of the vertebral column. T or F
true
Men and women begin to lose bone at the same rate by about age 70. T or F
true
Most people have 24 ribs. T or F
true
Osteoclasts are bone-resorbing cells, whereas osteoblasts are bone-forming cells. T or F
true
Osteoporosis is more severe than osteopenia. T or F
true
Perforating canals form transverse channels in bone tissue. T or F
true
The deltoid tuberosity is part of the humerus. T or F
true
The ilium is part of the pelvic girdle. T or F
true
The number of bones in most people is 206. T or F
true
The parietal bones meet each other along the sagittal suture. T or F
true
The pectoral girdle consists of two scapulae and two clavicles. T or F
true
The small intestine requires vitamin D to adequately absorb calcium. T or F
true
Which of the following bones is not part of the orbit of the skull? A. ethmoid B. vomer C. sphenoid
vomer