Chapter 7

Height begins to decrease on average after age

30

Throughout life, bone tissue continues to change. ______ are responsible for resorbing bone matrix and ______ are responsible for replacing it.

Osteoclasts; osteoblasts

What vitamin is necessary for proper absorption of calcium in the small intestines?

Vitamin D

What is the role or function of yellow marrow in the bone tissue?

Yellow bone marrow is a site for storage of fat.

Which of the following increases the risk of developing osteoporosis? A. Low intake of dietary calcium B. Lack of physical exercise C. Family history of the condition D. all of above

all of above

Bones A. have a matrix composed mostly of organic salts. B. do not contribute to homeostasis. C. are not living tissue. D. are multifunctional.

are multifunctional

A bone thickens

as compact bone is deposited beneath the periosteum of the diaphysis.

The sternum is part of the

axial skeleton

Osteoblasts are ______, whereas osteocytes are ______.

bone-forming cells; mature bone cells

Which of the following is(are) an example of an intramembranous bone?

broad, flat skull bones

The atlas is one of the

cervical vertebrae

What kind of tissue forms the superficial layer of all parts of a bone?

compact bone

What is the end of a long bone called?

epiphysis

A laminectomy is a procedure used to treat osteoporosis that removes part of the posterior arch of a vertebra. T or F

false

As a person ages, osteoblasts outnumber osteoclasts. T or F

false

Blood cell formation is called osteogenesis. T or F

false

Bone remodeling occurs as osteoblasts resorb bone tissue and osteoclasts replace the bone. T or F

false

Bones are classified as irregular, flat, short, or long. T or F

false

Bones in the human body are non-living. T or F

false

Intervertebral discs are formed of skeletal muscle. T or F

false

Lordosis is excess curvature of the thoracic part of the vertebral column. T or F

false

Testosterone has a stronger effect on epiphyseal plates than estrogens. T or F

false

The appendicular skeleton consists of the parts that support and protect the head, neck, and trunk. T or F

false

The femur extends from the knee to the foot. T or F

false

The first cervical vertebra is the axis and the second is the atlas. T or F

false

The ischium is the anterior part of the hip bone. T or F

false

The sternum develops in three parts: the lower manubrium, middle body, and upper xiphoid. T or F

false

The thyroid gland secretes growth hormone. T or F

false

Based on their shape, the bones of the skull can be classified as: A. long bones B. short bones C. flat bones

flat bones

Pituitary dwarfism results from a decreased secretion of ______ , which as a result decreases the rate of cell division of ______.

growth hormone ; cartilage cells in the epiphyseal plate

Curvatures of the spine produce all of the following except A. lordosis. B. kyphosis. C. scoliosis. D. increased height

increased height

What is a function of bone that is due to its relationship with skeletal muscle?

movement of limbs

Articular cartilage of a long bone is found

on the outer surface of the epiphyses

What cell found in bone functions to deposit bony matrix, resulting in the growth of bone tissue?

osteoblast

Which of the following is not found associated with spongy bone? A. Osteocytes B. Canaliculi C. Osteons

osteons

Compact bone has ________, whereas spongy bone has __________.

osteons; trabeculae

Having extra digits is termed

polydactyly.

The clavicles A. provide attachments for muscles of the pelvic girdle and lower limbs. B. are part of the axial skeleton. C. provide attachments for muscles of the back, chest, and upper limbs.

provide attachments for muscle of the back, chest, and upper limbs

Which of the following bones are part of the appendicular skeleton? A. scapula B. sacrum C. mandible

scapula

The thyroid hormone thyroxine ______.

stimulates replacement of cartilage with bone in the epiphyseal plate

What is an organ that is protected by bones of the axial skeleton?

the heart

In which decade of life does the removal of the bone matrix first exceed production of new bone?

third decade

A bone shaft is the diaphysis; the expanded parts at the ends are the epiphyses. T or F

true

A styloid process is part of the ulna. T or F

true

A young woman is in a car accident. When she regains consciousness, she notices a sharp pain in her left arm. Looking down, she sees a bone sticking out. This is a compound fracture. T or F

true

Fontanels in the fetal skull permit some bone movement, enabling the fetus to pass more easily through the birth canal during childbirth. T or F

true

If the supply of blood cells is deficient, yellow marrow may change into red marrow. T or F

true

Kyphosis is excess curvature of the thoracic part of the vertebral column. T or F

true

Men and women begin to lose bone at the same rate by about age 70. T or F

true

Most people have 24 ribs. T or F

true

Osteoclasts are bone-resorbing cells, whereas osteoblasts are bone-forming cells. T or F

true

Osteoporosis is more severe than osteopenia. T or F

true

Perforating canals form transverse channels in bone tissue. T or F

true

The deltoid tuberosity is part of the humerus. T or F

true

The ilium is part of the pelvic girdle. T or F

true

The number of bones in most people is 206. T or F

true

The parietal bones meet each other along the sagittal suture. T or F

true

The pectoral girdle consists of two scapulae and two clavicles. T or F

true

The small intestine requires vitamin D to adequately absorb calcium. T or F

true

Which of the following bones is not part of the orbit of the skull? A. ethmoid B. vomer C. sphenoid

vomer