Chapter 7: Networks: Mobile Business

War Driving

Deliberately searching for Wi-Fi signals while driving by in a vehicle

Hotspots

Designated locations where Wi-Fi access points are publicly available

What are three network categories

-MAN -WAN -LAN

Two benefits of network convergence

-One provider offering one bill, one point of contact, one customer support center. -Multiple services offered such as Internet access, VoIP, and IPTV.

What are the three primary wireless business applications?

-RFID -GIS -GPS

What are the two primary challenges associated with a network?

-Security issues -Social, ethical, and political issues

What are two major advantages of DSL over dial-up

-Users can simultaneously talk on the phone and use the internet -Faster transmittal speeds

Location-based services

Application that use location information to provide a service

Packet Header

Lists the destination along with the length of the message data

repeater

Receives and repeats a signal to extend its attenuation or range?

What are three measurements of bandwidth

-Gigabits -Kilobits -Megabits

What are the five primary networking elements?

-Network Categories -Network access technologies -Network providers -Network protocols -Network convergence

Three common uses of GIS in a business

-Sending information alerts -Finding what is nearby - Mapping quantities

What are two accurate statements about mobility and wireless communications

-Wireless refers to any type of operation accomplished without the use of a hard-wired connection -Mobile means the technology can travel with the user

Two major advantages of DSL over dial-up

-users can simultaneously talk on the phone and use the Internet -Faster transmittal speeds

Secure Hypertext Protocol (SHTTP or HTTPS)

A combination of HTTP and SSL to provide encryption and secure identification of an Internet Server

Metropolitan area network

A large computer network usually spanning a city

IP address

A unique number that identifies where computers are located on the network.

Geocoding

Coding process that assigns a digital map feature to an attribute that serves as a unique ID (tract number, node number) or classification (soil type, zoning category)

Local area network

Connects a group of computers in close proximity, such as in an office building, school, or home?

Peer-to-Peer (P2P)

Distributes digital video content using IP across the Internet and private IP networks; - A computer network that relies on the computing power and bandwidth of participants in the network rather than a centralized server

Internet Protocol (IPTV)

Distributes digital video content using IP across the internet and private IP networks

Wireless Access Point

Enables devices to connect to a wireless network to communicate with each other.

Asset Tracking

Occurs when a company places active or semi-passive RFID tags on expensive products or assets to gather data on the items' location within little or no manual intervention

Edge Matching (warping, rubber sheeting)

Occurs when paper maps are laid edge to edge and items that run across maps but do not match are reconfigured to match.

Regional service providers

Offers Internet service by connecting National Service Providers (NSPs), but they also can connect directly to each other

Packet Footer

Represents the end of the packet or transmission end

Unified Communications

The integration of communication channels into a single service

Traceroute

Utility application that monitors the network path of packet data sent to a remote computer

attenuation

Represents the loss of a network signal strength measured in decibels(dB) and occurs because the transmissions gradually dissipate in strength over longer distances or because of radio interference or physical obstructions such as walls?

What are three advantages of wireless networks

- Improves workflow -Provides mobile business opportunities -Increases location and monitoring capabilities

What are the 3 advantages of networking

- Sharing resources -Providing opportunities -Reducing travel

Four types of Internet access technologies

- T1 - DSL - Dial-Up - Cable

What are the four challenges associated with wireless networks

-Addressing privacy concerns with RFID and LBS -Protecting wireless connections -Protecting against theft -Preventing viruses on mobile devices

What are three ways a network provides opportunities to a company?

-Lowered entry barriers for start-ups -Tap potential customers online without hiring expensive marketing companies -Order parts electronically from suppliers

______________ tags do not have a power source, whereas _______________ active RFID tags have their own transmitter and a power source (typically a battery)

-Passive -Active

What are the four wireless communication network categories?

-Wireless local area networks -Wireless wide area networks -Wireless metropolitan area networks -Personal area networks

The three primary uses of an intranet

-business operations and management -web publishing -communication and collaboration

Geocache

A GPS technology adventure game that posts the longitude and latitude location for an item on the Internet for users to find

Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMax)

A communications technology aimed at providing high-speed wireless data over metropolitan area networks.

modem

A device that enables a computer to transmit and receive data

Broadband

A high-speed Internet connection that is always connected

Wireless Lan (WLAN)

A local area network that uses radio signals to transmit and receive data over distances of a few hundred feet

Streaming

A method of sending audio and video files over the Internet in such a way that the user can view the file while it it being transferred

Wireless Man (MAN)

A metropolitan area network that uses radio signals to transmit and receive data.

Intranet

A restricted network that relies on Internet technologies to provide an Internet-like environment within the company for information sharing, communications, collaboration, web publishing, and the support of business processes

Geocoin

A round coin-sized object, us uniquely numbered and hidden in geocache.

File Transfer Protocol

A simple network protocol that allows the transfer of files between two computers on the internet

Packet

A single unit of binary data routed through a network

Satellite

A space station that orbits the Earth receiving and transmitting signals from Earth-based stations over a wide area

Secure Sockets Layer

A standard security technology for establishing an encrypted link between a web server and a browser, ensuring that all data passed between them remain private.

RFID reader

A transmitter/receiver that reads the contents of RFID tags in the area

Wireless WAN (WWAN)

A wide area network that uses radio signals to transmit and receive data

Bluetooth

A wireless PAN technology that transmits signals over short distances among cell phones, computers, and other devices

Proxy

Software that prevents direct communication between a sending and receiving computer and is used to monitor packets for security reasons

Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)

A wireless security protocol to protect Wi-Fi networks

Digital Divide

A worldwide gap giving advantage to those with access to technology

SSL Certificate

An electronic document that confirms the identity of a website or server and verifies that a public key belongs to a trustworthy individual or company

RFID tag

An electronic identification device that is made up of a chip and antenna

Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP)

An encryption algorithm designed to protect wireless transmission data

Virtual Private Network

Companies can establish direct private network links among themselves or create private, secure Internet access, in effect a "private tunnel" within the Internet

Domain Name System (DNS)

Converts IP addresses into domains, or identifying labels that use a variety of recognizable naming conventions

Wide area network

Spans a large geographic area such as a state, province, or country?

Protocol

Standard that specifies the format of data as well as the rules to be followed during transmission

Spatial data (geospatial data or geographic information)

Identifies the geographic location of features and boundaries on Earth, such as natural or constructed features, oceans, and more.

Geographic Information System

Stores, vies, and analyzes geographic data creating, multidimensional charts or maps

Wifi-Infrastructure

Includes the inner workings of a Wi-Fi service or utility, including the signal transmitters, towers, or poles, along with additional equipment required to send out a Wi-Fi signal.

GIS map automation

Links business assets to a centralized system where they can be tracked and monitored over time

Bandwidth

Measured in terms of a bit rate (or data rate) or the number of bits transferred or received per unit of time

Bandwidth

Measures network performance and represents the maximum amount of data that can pass from one point to another in a unit of time

WAP with ____________ technology have multiple transmitters and receivers, allowing them to send and receive greater amounts of data than traditional networking devices.

Multiple-In/ Multiple- Out (MIMO)

Wireless Fidelity

Portable devices can connect wirelessly to a local area network, using access points that send and receive data via radio waves.

National Service Providers

Private companies that own and maintain the worldwide backbone that supports the Internet

High-speed Internet cable connections

Provides Internet access using a cable television company's infrastructure and a special cable modem

Personal Area Network (PAN)

Provides communication for devices owned by a single user that work over a short distance

Digital Subscriber Line

Provides high speed digital data transmission over standard telephone lines using broadband modem technology, allowing both Internet and telephone services to work over the same telephone lines.

Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)

Provides the technical foundation for the public Internet as well as for large numbers of private networks.

Access Point

The computer or network device that serves as an interface between devices and the network

Network Convergence

The efficient coexistence of telephone, video, and data communication within a single network, offering convenience and flexibility not possible with separate infrastructures

War Chalking

The practice of tagging pavement with codes displaying where Wi-Fi access is available

bit or binary unit

The smallest element of data and has a value of either 0 or 1

Packet header Packet footer Packet body

Three parts of the standard packet format

Virtual workforce Telecommunicating

Two terms that represent users working from remote locations, such as home or a hotel, using high-speed Internet to access business applications and data

Broadband modem Cable modem

Two types of digital modem used with high-speed cable Internet Service

Semi- Passive RFID tags

Use a battery to run the microchip's circuitry, but communicate by drawing power from the RFID reader

Chipless RFID tags

Use plastic or conductive polymers instead of silicon-based micro-chips, allowing them to be washed or exposed to water without damaging the chip.

Voice over IP

Uses IP technology to transmit telephone calls

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)

Uses electronic tags and labels to identify objects wirelessly over short distances

Broadband over power line

What technology makes possible high-speed Internet access over ordinary residential electrical lines and offers and alternative DSL or high-speed cable modem?

An extranet is an extension of an ______________ that is available only to authorized outsiders, such as customers, partners, and suppliers.

intranet

Automatic vehicle location (AVL)

uses GPS tracking to track vehicles