Chapter 7

empire of liberty 254

rather than ruling over the west as a colonial power, the US would admit the area's population as equal members of the political system. territorial expansion and self-government would grow together.

federalism 259

relationship between the federal government and the state government

battle of fallen timbers 274

second battle against the miami confederacy in which the US defeated the indians.

the federalist 263

series of 85 essays composed by Hamilton, Madison and Jay arguing for support of the constitution. attempts to rid of the people's fear of political power. government was an expression of freedom, not its enemy.

miami confederation 274

group of indians who fought against US in the ohio valley. led a humiliating defeat against american forces.

checks and balances 259

makes sure no branch has too much power, there's an underlying fear of one branch overpowering the rest.

articles of confederation

sought to balance the need for national coordination of the war of independence with widespread fear that centralized political power posed a danger to liberty. declared the new national government to be a "perpetual union." "a firm league of friendship" among the states. one house congress with each state receiving one vote regardless of size.

separation of powers 259

three branches of government and their functions. executive-oversees laws. legislative-writes laws and bills. judicial-determines whether laws are constitutional.

three-fifths clause 261

three fifths of the slave population would be counted in determining each state's representation in the HoR and its electoral votes for president.

"annuity" system 274

yearly grants of federal money to indian tribes that institutionalized continuing government influence in tribal affairs and gave outsiders considerable control over indian life.

treaty of greenville 274

12 indian tribes ceded most of ohio and indiana to the federal government. also established annuity system.

land ordinances of 1784 and 1785 252

1784- established stages of self government for the west. 1785-regulated land sales in the region north of the ohio river. defined terms by which western land would be marketed and settled.

shays's rebellion 255

MA farmers couldn't pay mortgages so they closed their area courts to prevent seizure of their land for failure to pay taxes. created a desire for a stronger central government to protect property rights. fear of mob mentality to politicians. due to weakness in AoC

open immigration 276

US was allowing anyone into the country

gradual emancipation 274

act that assumed that former slaves would remain in the country, not be colonized abroad.

notes on the state of virginia 277

book by Jefferson which claimed blacks lacked loyalty to the nation. remarked on the "suspicion" that nature had permanently deprived them on the qualities that made republican citizenship possible.

ethnic nationalism 272

defines the natino as a community of descent based on a shared ethnic heritage, language and culture.

civic nationalism 272

envisions the nation as a community open to all those devoted to its political institutions and social values.

benjamin banneker

free african-american citizen from MD who had taught himself the principles of mathematics, sent Jefferson a copy of an astronomical almanac he had published along with a plea for the abolition of slavery.

letters from an american farmer 276

french man crevecoeur popularized the idea as the US as a melting pot.

bill of rights 267

offered a definition of the unalienable rights--rights inherent in the human condition. couldn't be rescinded by government.

anti-federalists 265

opponents of the ratification of the constitution who insisted that it shifted the balance between liberty and power too far in the direction of power. lacked coherent leadership. saw no need for a stronger central government.

northwest ordinance of 1787 254

prohibited slavery in old northwest. pledged that indians would be treated with good faith and that their land would not be taken without consent. first official recognition that indians continued to own their land.