(CHAPTER 7) PSYCHOLOGY Answers

His fluid intelligence would decrease with age, whereas his crystallized intelligence would increase.

Alfred takes an IQ test at ages 25 and 55, measuring his fluid and crystallized intelligence. Based on research of their respective developmental trajectories, what are most likely changes in these two areas that we would see?

Phantom limb

Although Dugan has the lower portion of his leg amputated he still sometimes feels and uncomfortable itching sensation from where his foot would be. This is an example of a _________.

Primary Visual Cortex

At the back of the brain is the __________ which is primarily responsible for processing information about light and movement.

Crystalized Intelligence

Baking cookies from memory

Stereotype Threat

Banafsheh is a female student in a graduate program in pure mathematics. On the first day of classes, she notices that she is one of the only females in the group. Consequently, she feels more conscious of her gender in that situation. At the start of the class, the instructor gives each student a written quiz to assess their current level of knowledge. When taking this test, Banafsheh, being particularly aware of her gender, is most likely to experience which of the following phenomena?

Crystalized Intellignce

Budapest is the capital of Hungary

Lexicon

Caleb uses the words "sofa" "soda" and "dinner" instead of "couch" "soft drink" and "supper." When the others in the conversations use the same words, the people talking have adopted the same

Shaping

Can be used to train for complex behaviors

Weber's Law

Charlie works for a moving company. He can easily tell the difference in weight between two small boxes but cannot detect any difference at all between the weight of the washing machine and the weight of the dryer. This is an example of ____________.

Alfred Binet

Classroom children

information that has been acquired through experience: ability to reason and problem solve in novel situations ability to apply information in novel settings: ability to reason and problem solve in novel situations

Crystallized Intelligence is to Fluid Intelligence:

The Implicit Associations Test (IAT)

Dr.Reddy wants to examine potential prejudice against women. He shows participants images of men and women and has them rate each picture as "competent" or "incompetent," and measures the time it takes to create these judgments. He is using __________.

Reinforcers, punishers

Effects that increase behaviors and decrease are

Ingroups and Outgroups

Gossip, making up 60-70% of conversations, is argued to be an important part of defining _____________ and _____________ in regulating the social world.

Multimodal perception

Hearing occurs, in part, when sound waves reach the "eardrum" or ________.

Intelligence is comprised of multiple intelligences - a model that claims there are eight different types of intelligence that are independent of each other.

Howard Gardner proposed that:

Press level when reinforced with food

In Skinner box experiment rats learn what

elicited; before

In classical conditioning, the response is ________ by a stimulus that comes ________it

Somatotopic Map

Jenny's lips and fingertips are far more sensitive than her shoulders and ankles. This is an example of the way that her cortex is organized in a _______________.

70

John has just been assessed as having an mild intellectual disability. Part of this diagnosis was based on his IQ score, which must have been below which of the following thresholds?

Negative reinforcement

Kelly grounded until she completes her homework

Positive punishment

Kurts mom upset when she heard him swear, so he cleaned his room

interpersonal.

Leonard is a psychotherapist and is very good at his job partly because he has a strong sense of empathy for others. Which type of intelligence from Gardner's multiple intelligences theory does this most clearly indicate?

Transduction

Light enters the eye and is converted into electrical signals that can be processed by the brain. This process is called ______________.

Misinformation effect

Memory error caused by incorrect data

Eyewitness Testimony

Most persuasive form of evidence in court

Fluid Intelligence

Navigating a subway in a new city

Fluid intelligence

New math problem

Operant Conditioning

Occurs when a behavior is associated with a significant event

Blocking

Occurs when a previous association prevents another association from being formed

olfactory epithelium

Odorants bind with olfactory receptors in the ______________.

Conditioned

Pavlov's experiments what stimulus was bell?

Frequency

Pitch is determined by the __________ of the sound waves

Normed

Psychological tests are often used to measure characteristics (e.g., IQ) across people of different ages, who live in different places, and so on. In order that people can be properly ordered on the dimension of measurement (e.g., compare their IQs), it's important that these tests are:

Quantitate Law of effect

Reinforces ones behavior depends on how much reinforcer is earned for the behaviors alternatives

Common

"________ ground" refers to the information that is shared by people who engage in conversation. It allows for communication between speaker and listener to make coherent sense to both parties.

situation model

A _______________ is a mental representation of an event, object, or situation constructed at the time of comprehending a linguistic description.

Unconditioned Response

A response that occurs to a stimulus w out prior training

Conditioned Stimulis

A stimulis that does not elicit a particular response initially, but comes to do so as a result of CS

Correct lesser known or lesser identifiable people

According to Fussell and Krauss (1992), speakers tend to use more descriptive information when speaking about ________.

Growth

According to researcher Carol Dweck, when children believe that their intelligence is changeable and evolving, they experience a(n) ________ mindset. She notes that this mindset is healthier than other beliefs about one's own intelligence.

When Chris takes a test of intelligence and his grandson Abraham takes an equivalent test 50 years later, Abraham will have a higher score.

According to the Flynn Effect, which of the following would be the most accurate prediction about intelligence

Individualistic

According to the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, pronouns like "I", "me", and "my" are used more often in _______________ cultures.

Social Brain

The ___________hypothesis suggests that humans have developed larger brains in order to better maintain large in-groups.

Syntax

The grammatical rules that dictate the proper method for combining words and expressions together for the purpose of communication is called ________.

Conditioned Response

The response that is eventually elicited by the CS after repeated pairings with the unconditioned stimulus

chemical stimuli are transformed into electrical signals

The sense of smell is sometimes referred to as a "chemical sense" because __________.

trichromatic theory

The theory that states that there are three types of cones that each respond maximally to a different wavelength of light is the:

processing location and motion; problems would make it difficult to balance

The vestibular system is primarily responsible for ____________.

Francis Galton

This person was among those who pioneered psychological measurement. Among other contributions, he was possibly the first to popularize the notion that the heritability of psychological traits could be assessed by looking at identical and fraternal twins.

All areas of the tongue contain taste receptor cells that are capable of responding to every taste

What is true about taste?

Taste aversion

When Carla was a child, she ate too much cotton candy at the fair and got very sick. For many years she avoided cotton candy and even the smell of it made her feel sick. This example demonstrates:

Sensation

When Janet feels the wind blowing on her face this is an example of ________.

Perception

When looking at a visual illusion, Renata 'sees' motion even though the image is static (not moving). Her experience of seeing motion when there is none is a result of:

Fear may undermine their performance.

When people are aware of stereotypes about their social group as it relates to scores on intelligence tests:

attention, retention, initiation, motivation

Which is the correct order of the four parts of learning theorized by Bandura?

IQ tests have become progressively easier over time.

Which of the following is not a likely explanation of the Flynn effect in many cultures?

Dark adaptations happens when rods are bleached and need time to replenish.

Which of the following is the major difference between light and dark adaptation?

Binet and Simon

Which of the following pairs of psychologists were responsible for the first recognized test of intelligence quotient, or IQ?

Carol Dweck

Which psychologist conducts research on the mindset of children looking at differences in high and low achievers with similar IQ scores?

Syntax

While traveling to the Canada from his home in Europe, Gunther often asks people, "Excuse me, can you please the time tell me?" Even though people understand what he is asking and politely tell him the time, Gunther's incorrect use of __________ threatens his attempts at communicating with others in a language that is foreign to him.

Language influences but does not determine how we think.

With regard to the hypothesis of Edward Sapir and Benjamin Whorf, which of the following is the most accurate statement?

Priming

__________ occurs when thinking about one concept (e.g., strawberry) causes you to think of other, related concepts (jam, shortcake, milkshakes).

Photoreceptors, such as rods and cones

____________ are specialized cells that convert light into electrical signals.

Intelligence

an individual's cognitive capacity, including the ability to acquire, process, recall and apply information

Reinforcer

any consequence of a behavior that strengthens the behavior or increases the likelihood that it will be performed again any consequence that follows a behavior

Discriminative Stimulis

sets the "occasion" for the response

Social models

Social learning theory requires this

People who score high in one sub-area, such as math, tend also to score high on other sub-areas such as verbal scores. Traditional intelligence tests fail to tap true ability.

Spearman viewed G as the general factor of intelligence. From his perspective:

Unconditioned stimulus

Stimulis that elicits a response w/out prior training