Chapter 7 Review- Textbook Questions

Adrian Dove designed the Dove Counterbalance General Intelligence Test to highlight what intelligence testing problem? A) Unreliability B) Ineffective resources C) Standardization D) Norm deviations E) Cultural bias

E) Cultural bias

When people persist in trying to solve a problem the same way they have always gone about solving problems, they have developed __________. A) A mental set B) Functional fixedness C) Confirmation bias D) Transformation bias E) Emotional intelligence

A) A mental set

According to Spearman, what would a traditional IQ test most likely measure? A) General intelligence B) Spatial intelligence C) Specific intelligence D) Practical intelligence E) Emotional intelligence

A) General intelligence

Miguel was struggling with the answer to one of the questions on his psychology midterm. Seeing that the answer was not going to come easily, he went on to answer some of the other easier questions. Then, suddenly, the answer to the problematic question just seemed to "pop" into his head. Miguel's experience is an example of __________. A) Insight B) A heuristic C) An algorithm D) Means-end analysis E) Trial-and-error solution

A) Insight

The linguistic relativity hypothesis states that __________. A) Language shapes thoughts. B) Thoughts shape language. C) Thought is impossible without language. D) Language and thought influence each other. E) Language and thought develop independently.

A) Language shapes thoughts.

The system of rules for combining words and phrases to make meaningful sentences is called __________. A) Syntax B) Phonics C) Grammar D) Pragmatics E) Morphology

A) Syntax

Which of the following statements about creative people is true? A) They are not afraid to be different. B) They value their dependence on others. C) They are not very good at mental imagery. D) They are often very conventional in their work. E) They have a narrow range of knowledge about a lot of subjects.

A) They are not afraid to be different.

Grammar includes all but which of the following aspects of language? A) Tone of spoken words B) Order of words C) Basic sounds D) Formation of words E) Structure of language

A) Tone of spoken words

Randall believes that aliens crashed in the western United States in the 1950s. When looking for information about this on the Internet, he ignores any sites that are skeptical of his belief and only visits and talks with his friends about the sites that support his belief. What is this an example of? A) Creativity bias B) Confirmation bias C) Functional fixedness D) Convergent thinking E) Confirmation fixedness

B) Confirmation bias

A "rule of thumb" is another name for a(n) __________. A) Insight B) Heuristic C) Algorithm D) Means-end analysis E) Trial-and-error solution

B) Heuristic

According to Chomsky, grammar is __________. A) Impossible for older children and adults to learn B) Innately understood by the developing human brain C) Identical in content across all languages and cultures D) Not a requirement for any relatively simple language E) Learned only through the processes of imitation and reinforcement

B) Innately understood by the developing human brain

Jared is 35 years old, but his cognitive abilities have never gone beyond the level of a second-grade child. At what level of a developmental delay would Jared be classified? A) Mild B) Moderate C) Severe D) Profound E) Adaptive

B) Moderate

A test that gives similar scores for a person each time the person takes it is considered to be __________. A) Valid B) Reliable C) Flawless D) Unbiased E) Standardized

B) Reliable

Which of the following statements about Terman's "Termites" is not true? A) The successful men earned more money. B) The successful men were more likely to get divorced. C) The unsuccessful men were less healthy. D) The unsuccessful men held jobs of lower prestige. E) The successful men had a consistent sense of self.

B) The successful men were more likely to be divorced.

In Gardener's view, astronauts, navigators, and artists would have higher levels of which type of intelligence? A) Naturalist B) Visual/spatial C) Interpersonal D) Intrapersonal E) Verbal/lingustic

B) Visual/spatial

Assuming that the correct solution is available, which problem-solving strategy will always result in a correct solution? A) Insight B) Heuristic C) Algorithm D) Means-end analysis E) Trial-and-error solution

C) Algorithm

According to Sternberg, "street smarts" is another way of talking about which kind of intelligence? A) Analytical B) Creative C) Practical D) Emotional E) Interpersonal

C) Practical

Al goes out one frosty morning to find that his car is covered with a layer of thick frost. He needs to get to work and looks for his ice scraper. Unable to find it, he thinks a moment, goes into the house, and returns with a hard plastic spatula from the kitchen. In using the spatula as a makeshift ice scraper, what has Al overcome? A) Creativity bias B) Confirmation bias C) Functional fixedness D) Convergent thinking E) Confirmation fixedness

C) Functional fixedness

Which heuristic can be used to create and maintain stereotypes? A) Insight B) Availability C) Representative D) Means-end analysis E) Working backward from a goal

C) Representative

The Dani have only two words for color, yet can distinguish between many different colors. This finding specifically supports the language theory of __________. A) Pullum B) Chomsky C) Rosch-Heider D) Sapir and Whorf E) Lucy and Shweder

C) Rosch-Heider

The current estimate of heritability of intelligence is __________. A) .99 B) .90 C) .86 D) .50 E) .34

D) .50

What type of thinking occurs when a problem is seen as having only one answer, with all lines of thinking leading to that answer? A) Creative B) Divergent C) Mental set D) Convergent E) Subject mapping

D) Convergent

A male with a defective chromosome leading to severe protein deficiency and poor brain development probably suffers from __________. A) Down syndrome B) Fetal alcohol syndrome C) Hydrocephaly D) Fragile X syndrome E) Familial retardation

D) Fragile X syndrome

Professor Beckett designed an IQ test. To standardize this test, the professor should be careful to do which of the following? A) Use only a small sample to prevent possible cheating on the test B) Test each member of the sample under different conditions C) Adjust the test questions each time the test is administered D) Make sure that the standardization sample is representative of the population for whom the test is intended E) Select only university professors to take the test so they can critique the questions on the test

D) Make sure that the standardization sample is representative of the population for whom the test is intended

Algorithms are a type of __________. A) Heuristic B) Mental set C) Rule of thumb D) Mechanical solution E) Means-end analysis

D) Mechanical solution

Laticia has been instructed to write an analysis of the Bolshevik revolution for her 11th grade world history class. The paper is to be between 15 to 20 pages, and is due in one month. Laticia is feeling very overwhelmed by such a huge assignment. What heuristic would be most useful as she attempts to conquer this very large task? A) The representative heuristic B) The availability heuristic C) The means-end analysis D) Subgoaling E) The serial-position heuristic

D) Subgoaling

Which of the following makes the Weschler tests different from the Stanford-Binet? A) The Stanford-Binet is designed only for adults. B) The Stanford-Binet has both a verbal and a performance component. C) The Weschler tests are administered to individuals. D) The Weschler tests are designed only for children. E) Difference Weschler tests exist for preschoolers, older children, and adults.

E) Difference Weschler tests exist for preschoolers, older children, and adults.

Denny is mildly retarded. His mother drank heavily while pregnant with him. Denny most likely suffers from __________. A) Cretinism B) Down syndrome C) Fragile X syndroe D) Familial retardation E) Fetal alcohol syndrome

E) Fetal alcohol syndrome

Elizabeth was tested while in grade school as was found to have an IQ of 134. Elizabeth's intelligence level can be labeled as __________. A) Average B) Somewhat above normal C) Moderate D) Genius E) Gifted

E) Gifted

Which of the following questions would be most likely to produce divergent thinking? A) What is a stapler? B) How do you spell "stapler"? C) What is a stapler's main use? D) What does a stapler look like? E) How many uses can you think of for a stapler?

E) How many uses can you think of for a stapler?

Which of the following is an English phoneme? A) The word "ball" B) The word "play" C) The suffix "-ing" D) The prefix "re-" E) The sound "sh"

E) The sound "sh"

Darla is 4 years old. The intelligence test that would most likely be used to measure her intelligence is the __________. A) Binet's Mental Ability Test B) Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children C) Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale D) Dove Counterbalance General Intelligence Test E) Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence

E) Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence