Chapter 7: Value and Interpretation of Photographs/ Facial Profiles/Shapes

How many head lengths is the average size human?

7.5 to 8

How many linear profile forms are there?

9; 3 basic, 6 combos

Snapshot

A casual photograph, typically taken quickly with a small personal handheld camera

Concave-vertical profile

A facial profile variation in which the forehead protrudes beyond the eyebrows while the upper lip and chin project equally to an imaginary vertical line.

Professional portraits

A photograph of a person, especially the face, taken by a professional photographer are often the images families select to bring into funeral homes when pictures of the deceased are requested

Convex-vertical profile

A profile variation in which the forehead recedes from the eyebrows while the chin and upper project equally to an imaginary vertical line.

Digital images

A representation of a real image as a set of numbers that can be stored and handled by a digital computer

Normal lighting

A source of lighting from above the head that allows the prominences that have the greatest projection to reflect the greatest amount of light and the deeper areas to reflect little light

Highlight

A surface lying at right angles to the source of illumination which reflects the maximum amount of light; the brighter part

Frontal View

A view that is right in front of you

Bi-mandibular width

Across the angles of the jaw

Round

Also called infantine; vertical distance and the width between the cheekbones are equal and the cheeks and chin are rounded

Proportions

Defined as the relationships of the size of one feature as compared with another feature or with the width or length of the face

Bilateral differences

Dissimilarities existing in the two sides or halves of an object

What parts of the face are in the 1/3?

Distance between the normal hairline and the eyebrows

What parts are in the 3/3 of the face?

Distance from the base of the nose to the base of the chin

What parts are in the 2/3?

Distance from the eyebrows to the base of the nose

What features show asymmetry?

Eyelids/eyebrows, ears, cheeks, nose, and mouth

Oval

Face shape with a rounded forehead, cheeks, and chin and is longer than it is wide

Triangular

Forehead is pointed, the sides widen inferiorly, and the jaw is the widest point

What features show more symmetery?

Forehead, Cheeks, superior lip, and chin

Oblong

Head is long and narrow throughout

Asymmetry

Lack of symmetry, balance, or proportion

Flat light

Lighting that produces minimal contrast in the scene, which means there is very little contrast between the highlights and shadows

Directional Lighting

Lighting that travels in a specific direction, highlights and object

Convex profile

Most common; The forehead recedes posteriorly from the eyebrows and the chin recedes from the plane of the upper lip

Vertical-concave profile

One in which the forehead and the eyebrows project equally to a vertical line and the chin protrudes more than the upper lip.

Vertical-convex profile

One in which the forehead and the eyebrows project equally to a vertical line and the chin recedes from the projection of the upper lip.

Profile View

Shows an object as though you were looking at it from the side

Shadow

Surfaces that do not lie at right angles to the source of illumination or are obscured by other surfaces and which reflect little or no light

Scale Method

The actual distance between two locations; Width of feature (BODY) / Width of feature (PHOTO)

Diamond

The cheeks are the widest point accompanied by a narrowing forehead and chin; widest across the cheekbones and narrows with the forehead and jaw

Concave profile

The forehead protrudes beyond the eyebrows while the chin protrudes beyond the plane of the upper lip

Vertical profile

The forehead, upper lip, and chin project equally to an imaginary line

Square

The vertical and horizontal measurements are equal, the hairline is straight, and the jaw is angled

Bi-parietal width

The widest part of the cranium

Bi-zygomatic width

The widest part of the face

Inversion

Turning inward; shows asymmetry

Proportion Method

Utilizes simple cross multiplication. In order to utilize this technique, you must have a quality, recent photograph and only be missing a certain part of the face or a feature.

Concave-convex profile

Variation in which the forehead protrudes beyond the eyebrows while the chin recedes from the plane of the upper lip.

Convex-concave profile

Variation in which the forehead recedes from the eyebrows while the chin protrudes beyond the plane of the upper lip

Inverted triangle

Wide angular forehead, angular jaw, and pointed chin

Three-quarter view

in reference to a photograph, a view which reveals the fullness of the cheeks.

What method is this equation?

length of feature(photo)/length of feature(body) = width of feature (Photo)/width of feature(body)