Chapter 8

What is the most accurate description of person-organization fit?

A match between an individual's personality and values and those of the organization's

Which of these would be considered observable artifacts in an organization?

Decorations Rituals Awards

_____ is the tendency of the parts of an organization to disperse and fragment.

Differentiation

_____ embed preferred culture by describing organizational philosophy, mission, vision, and values.

Formal statements

What is the BEST example of a mutual-benefit organization?

Labor Union

Three factors to be considered in designing an organization's structure:

Mechanistic vs. organic environment Link between strategy, structure and culture Differentiation vs. integration environment

Identify the three types of structures categorized as organizational designs with open boundaries. Check all that apply.

Modular Hollow Virtual

Some businesses have created open-area workspaces where employees sit at desks that are side-by-side and no walls are between them. This is to foster collaboration among the staff. What aspect of culture change does this represent?

Physical design

What occurs as a result of the horizontal organizational design?

Teams are used to improve collaboration and work

According to Barnard's definition, which of the following examples represent organizations?

The BumbleBee or StarKist tuna with their thousands of employees A crew of two people coordinating their activities on a commercial tuna fishing boat

Mutual-benefit organization

Voluntary collective formed to advance members' interests

What are the two types of information that organization charts reveal about organizational structure?

Who specializes in that work Who reports to whom

What are three characteristics of an organization with a simple structure?

authority in a single person low work specialization a flat hierarchy

Rites and rituals, which are activities and _____ used to celebrate important organizational events or achievements, can be leveraged in the process of culture change.

ceremonies

Research shows that employees have more positive work attitudes in organizations with a(n) _____ culture.

clan

In the elements of organizations, ________ unifies employees or members and gives everyone an understanding of the organization's reason for being.

common purpose

According to the competing values framework (CVF), organizational _____ varies along two dimensions.

effectiveness

Formal statements can help to change an organization's culture by

embedding the culture in various organizational materials such as the mission, vision, and values statements.

Organizations wishing to change their culture may alter their physical layout and design in order to:

encourage employee productivity send a strong message about the culture

If an organization wishes to become more controlling and authoritative toward its employees, it should consider adopting a(n) _____ structure.

hierarchical

An organization's _____ can pay attention to, measure, and control a number of activities, processes,or outcomes in order to foster a certain culture.

leaders

An organization where authority is centralized, tasks and rules are clearly specified, and employees are closely supervised is called _____.

mechanistic

Top-down structure and rigid rules are characteristics of a(n) _____ organization.

mechanistic

In organizational culture, a story is a(n)

narrative based on true events which is repeated in order to emphasize a particular value.

A(n) _____ is a system of consciously coordinated activities or forces of two or more people.

organization

A box-and-lines illustration showing the formal lines of authority and the organization's work specializations is called a(n) ______ chart.

organizational chart

If an organization wishes to change its culture, managers can alter the types of _____ and status symbols they give out and to whom they give them.

rewards

Organizations can use _____, activities that celebrate important events or achievements for the organization, to change the organization's culture.

rites and rituals

Organizational culutre:

significantly affects work outcomes at all levels of the organization is passed on to new employees through socialization and mentoring is the social glue that binds members of the organization together represents beliefs and values shared among workers helps employees understand why the organization does what it does

An organization that has authority centralized in a single person, as well as a flat hierarchy, few rules, and low work specialization, is using a _____.

simple structure

The number of people reporting directly to a given manager refers to _____.

span of control

Some of the strongest ways to embed organizational culture include which two of the following?

status symbols & rewards

A _____ is a narrative about the company's history that is repeated by an organization's members in order to emphasize a particular value.

story

The three types of organizational design are:

traditional horizontal open boundaries

One method of changing organizational culture is to provide structured _____ as an in-depth introduction to organizational values.

training

Which of the following represent learning-related tools that can be leveraged to change an organization's culture?

training coaching role modeling

Common purpose, one of the four common elements of organizations proposed by Schein,

unifies members and helps everyone understand the organization's reason for being.

vertical hierarchy of authority

who reports to whom

horizontal specialization

who specializes in what work

Flat organizations generally have few levels with _______ spans of control, with one manager overseeing many employees.

wide

Which of the following statements regarding the horizontal design are true?

workgroups are used to improve collaboration this design is also called a team-based design internal boundaries are broken down

A(n) _____ organization is a fluid, highly adaptive organization whose members are linked by information technology and collaborate on common tasks.

boundaryless

Organizational design is concerned with which two activities?

creating structures of accountability and responsibility creating a structural design that will help an organization execute its strategies

A system of shared beliefs and values that develops within an organization and guides the behavior of its members is called organizational ______.

culture

An organization that wants to eliminate layers in favor of creating a culture where employees have more power should consider adopting a _____ organizational structure.

flattened

Which of the following are outcomes associated with various types of organizational culture?

higher market share in clan and market cultures higher financial performance in market and hierarchy cultures more positive organizational outcomes in market cultures higher customer satisfaction in clan and market cultures more positive work attitudes in clan cultures

Symbols in organizational culture represent

objects or actions that convey an organization's most important values to others.

The readily apparent symbols and manifestations of an organization's culture are called its _____.

observable artifacts

Which of the following can leaders pay attention to, measure, and control in order to change the organization's culture?

outcomes activities processes

person-organization (PO) fit

reflects the extent to which your personality and values match the climate and culture in an organization.

In terms of organizational culture, a _______ is an artifact, act, quality, or event that conveys an organization's most important values to others.

symbol

Horizontal Dimension - inward or outward focus?

Expresses the extent to which an organization focuses its attention and efforts inward on internal dynamics and employees ("internal focus and integration") versus outward toward its external environment and its customers and its shareholders ("external focus and differentiation").

Vertical Dimension - flexibility or stability?

Expresses the extent to which an organization prefers flexibility and discretion versus stability control. Combining these two dimensions creates the four types of organizational culture based on different core values - namely, clan, adhocracy market, and hierarchy.

What are two suggestions for improving your adaptability in the workplace?

be more resourceful be proactive in learning situations

The process of fitting the organization to its environment is referred to as the _______ approach to organizational structure.

contingency

The more subunits into which an organization breaks down, the more highly _____ it is:

differentiated