Chapter 8: Disorders of Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

When caring for a client with hyperkalemia, the nurse prioritizes assessment of which body system?

cardiovascular

Which buffer system acts immediately?

chemical buffer systems

A client has been diagnosed with metabolic acidosis. What pH would you expect?

decreased pH below 7.35

The nurse is caring for a client with diabetic ketoacidosis. Which assessment finding is characteristic of metabolic acidosis?

deep and rapid respirations

Respiratory alkalosis can be caused by a respiratory rate in excess of that which maintains normal plasma PCO2 levels. What is a common cause of respiratory alkalosis?

hyperventilation

A nurse is caring for a client with hypoparathyroidism. Which imbalance is a major concern for the client?

hypocalcemia

Lymph fluid arises directly from which space?

interstitial

Vitamin D, officially classified as a vitamin, functions as a hormone in the body. What other hormone is necessary in the body for vitamin D to work?

parathyroid hormone

The nurse is caring for a client with an acid-base imbalance. Which of these does the nurse recognize is correct regarding compensation?

A pH moves toward the normal range.

The nurse notifies the health care prescriber of a client's serum potassium level of 6.2 mEq/L (6.2 mmol/L). Which prescription will the nurse consider as having the first priority?

Placing the client on a cardiac monitor

The renal control mechanism of restoring the acid-base balance is accomplished through which process?

Reabsorption of HCO3 and excretion of H+ restores acid-base balance through the renal control mechanisms.

A 56 year-old female hospital client with a history of alcohol abuse is receiving intravenous (IV) phosphate replacement. Which health problem will this IV therapy most likely resolve?

The client is acidotic and has impaired platelet function.

the major role of the kidneys in regulating acid-base balance is to increase the production of which chemical component?

HCO3-

The nurse is teaching a client with chronic renal failure and chronic acidosis. What actions should the nurse advise to prevent complications?

-Promote adequate fluid intake. -Encourage non-skid shoes. -Install hand rails in the shower

Body weight consists of what percentage of body water?

60%

The client most likely to be diagnosed with respiratory alkalosis

A 26-year-old female with anxiety who has been hyperventilating

The nurse is caring for a client with a tumor obstructing the lymphatic system. For which consequence does the nurse assess?

Fluid accumulating in the interstitial spaces distal to the tumor

A nurse is caring for an 85-year-old client. The nurse offers oral fluids to the client every 2 hours knowing older adults may experience hypodipsia despite which lab results?

Higher plasma sodium and higher osmolality levels

The nurse at a long-term care facility encourages the older adults to drink even though they may not feel thirsty at the time. Why?

Older adults often experience a decrease in the sensation of thirst, even when serum sodium levels are high

Water movement from the side of the membrane having a lesser number of particles and greater concentration of water to the side having a greater number of particles and lesser concentration of water is termed:

osmosis

Pressure generated as water moves across a membrane is also known as

osmotic pressure

The effective circulating volume is the major regulator of water balance in the body. What else does it regulate?

sodium