Chapter 8 Inquizitive
Social stratification persists over generations
Mark Zuckerberg is likely to pass down his wealth to his children.
Which of the following are types of slavery occurring in the world today?
slavery occurring today: - serfdom - human trafficking - sex slavery slavery not occurring toady: - slavery as punishment for a crime
The percentage of new mothers with a high school diploma or less.
34%
Regardless of age, race, or gender, people with more education are more likely to have health insurance.
true
The average age of first marriage for women with a high school diploma.
25%
The average age of first marriage for women with a graduate degree.
30%
As of 2013, what number of Americans lived below the poverty line?
45.3 million
Social stratification is a characteristic of society.
Barack Obama was able to become president of the United States even though African Americans are generally lower status than whites in the United States.
Max Weber suggests that wealth, power, and prestige must all be attained to reach upper-class status and any individual aspect of social class cannot be converted into another.
False For Weber, wealth, power, and prestige are interrelated because they often come together, but it is also possible to convert one to the other. Paris Hilton, for example, a socialite from a wealthy, hotel-owning family, turned that aspect of her status into a certain type of contemporary prestige—celebrity.
Different societies use different criteria for ranking their members
Gender is the most important characteristic of stratification in more traditional societies
Identify each trait as being characteristic of either the proletariat or the capitalists in Marx's economic theory.
Proletariat - want to see wages go up - earn money by selling their labor Capitalists - want to see wages go down - control the assets used for production - earn money by taking a share of profits
Social stratification is maintained through beliefs that are widely shared by members of society.
The American achievement ideology suggests that people who are not successful did not work hard enough
open system
a social system with ample opportunities to move from one class to another
closed system
a social system with very little opportunity to move from one class to another
In terms of annual income for a family of four, what is the poverty line in the United States, as defined by the Department of Health and Human Services?
about $24,000
A _______________ approach suggests that the poor and rich have different interests and may find themselves at odds as they attempt to secure and protect these interests
conflict theory
Because people living in poverty are less likely to vote or participate in political life, we suggest they are politically __________
disenfranchised
What is the name of the stratification system that dominated Europe for centuries but was breaking down by the 1800s?
feudal system
The traditional caste system is based on what aspect of life?
heredity
intergenerational mobility
movement between social classes that occurs from one generation to the next
Maxine comes from a working-class background. Her father worked in construction his whole life and her mother was a stay-at-home mom who dropped out of high school but later got her GED. Maxine becomes interested in computer programming at a young age and spends many hours in the school library teaching herself. Maxine attends the state university on a scholarship. While there, she develops a valuable algorithm for identifying neurological diseases that makes her a multi-millionaire. She drops out of college to continue her work. Which term related to social class best describes the example of Maxine?
social inconsistency Although Maxine's income puts her solidly in the upper class, other elements of her socioeconomic status are at odds with that classification.
What term describes the division of society into groups arranged in a social hierarchy?
social stratification
A ________________ approach suggests that social inequality is a necessary part of society
structural functionalism
What is the practice of banks and mortgage lenders identifying high-risk areas (usually low-income or minority neighborhoods) and either refusing mortgages to applicants from those neighborhoods or offering loans at prohibitively high rates?
red-lining
A ______________ approach suggests that we develop everyday class consciousness as a way to distinguish the status of others.
symbolic interactionism
intragenerational mobility
the movement between social classes that occurs during the course of an individual's lifetime
Identify the factors that are sometimes included in the definition of class.
wealth, income, occupation and education
