Chapter 8 Inquizitive

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Social stratification persists over generations

Mark Zuckerberg is likely to pass down his wealth to his children.

Which of the following are types of slavery occurring in the world today?

slavery occurring today: - serfdom - human trafficking - sex slavery slavery not occurring toady: - slavery as punishment for a crime

The percentage of new mothers with a high school diploma or less.

34%

Regardless of age, race, or gender, people with more education are more likely to have health insurance.

true

The average age of first marriage for women with a high school diploma.

25%

The average age of first marriage for women with a graduate degree.

30%

As of 2013, what number of Americans lived below the poverty line?

45.3 million

Social stratification is a characteristic of society.

Barack Obama was able to become president of the United States even though African Americans are generally lower status than whites in the United States.

Max Weber suggests that wealth, power, and prestige must all be attained to reach upper-class status and any individual aspect of social class cannot be converted into another.

False For Weber, wealth, power, and prestige are interrelated because they often come together, but it is also possible to convert one to the other. Paris Hilton, for example, a socialite from a wealthy, hotel-owning family, turned that aspect of her status into a certain type of contemporary prestige—celebrity.

Different societies use different criteria for ranking their members

Gender is the most important characteristic of stratification in more traditional societies

Identify each trait as being characteristic of either the proletariat or the capitalists in Marx's economic theory.

Proletariat - want to see wages go up - earn money by selling their labor Capitalists - want to see wages go down - control the assets used for production - earn money by taking a share of profits

Social stratification is maintained through beliefs that are widely shared by members of society.

The American achievement ideology suggests that people who are not successful did not work hard enough

open system

a social system with ample opportunities to move from one class to another

closed system

a social system with very little opportunity to move from one class to another

In terms of annual income for a family of four, what is the poverty line in the United States, as defined by the Department of Health and Human Services?

about $24,000

A _______________ approach suggests that the poor and rich have different interests and may find themselves at odds as they attempt to secure and protect these interests

conflict theory

Because people living in poverty are less likely to vote or participate in political life, we suggest they are politically __________

disenfranchised

What is the name of the stratification system that dominated Europe for centuries but was breaking down by the 1800s?

feudal system

The traditional caste system is based on what aspect of life?

heredity

intergenerational mobility

movement between social classes that occurs from one generation to the next

Maxine comes from a working-class background. Her father worked in construction his whole life and her mother was a stay-at-home mom who dropped out of high school but later got her GED. Maxine becomes interested in computer programming at a young age and spends many hours in the school library teaching herself. Maxine attends the state university on a scholarship. While there, she develops a valuable algorithm for identifying neurological diseases that makes her a multi-millionaire. She drops out of college to continue her work. Which term related to social class best describes the example of Maxine?

social inconsistency Although Maxine's income puts her solidly in the upper class, other elements of her socioeconomic status are at odds with that classification.

What term describes the division of society into groups arranged in a social hierarchy?

social stratification

A ________________ approach suggests that social inequality is a necessary part of society

structural functionalism

What is the practice of banks and mortgage lenders identifying high-risk areas (usually low-income or minority neighborhoods) and either refusing mortgages to applicants from those neighborhoods or offering loans at prohibitively high rates?

red-lining

A ______________ approach suggests that we develop everyday class consciousness as a way to distinguish the status of others.

symbolic interactionism

intragenerational mobility

the movement between social classes that occurs during the course of an individual's lifetime

Identify the factors that are sometimes included in the definition of class.

wealth, income, occupation and education


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