Chapter 8 Joints

In the classification of joints, which of the following is true?

All synovial joints are freely movable.

What is moving a limb away from the midline of the body along the frontal plane called?

abduction

Performing "jumping jacks" requires ________.

abduction and adduction

Tendon sheaths ________.

act as friction-reducing structures

Articulations permitting only slight degrees of movement are ________.

amphiarthroses

Which joints are correctly matched?

ankle; hinge

The ligaments that protect the alignment of the femoral and tibial condyles and limit the movement of the femur anteriorly and posteriorly are called ________.

cruciate ligaments

The terms inversion and eversion pertain only to the ________.

feet

Extracapsular ligaments stabilizing the knee include ________.

fibular and tibial collateral ligaments, which prevent lateral or medial rotation

A fibrous joint that is a peg-in-socket is called a ________ joint.

gomphosis

Presence of a synovial cavity, articular cartilage, synovial membrane, and ligaments are characteristics of what type of joint?

hinge joint

In symphysis joints the articular surfaces of the bones are covered with ________.

hyaline cartilage

Bending your head back until it hurts is an example of ________.

hyperextension

Which of the following is a true statement regarding gliding movements?

Gliding movements occur at the intercarpal and intertarsal joints.

The hip joint is a good example of a(n) ________ synovial joint.

multiaxial

All of the following are factors that influence synovial joint stability EXCEPT?

number of bones in the joint

The gliding motion of the wrist uses ________ joints.

plane

Pointing the toes is an example of ________.

plantar flexion

The cruciate ligaments of the knee ________.

prevent hyperextension of the knee

Moving your jaw forward, causing an underbite, is called ________.

protraction

Articular cartilage found at the ends of the long bones serves to ________.

provide a smooth surface at the ends of synovial joints

Compared to the shoulder, displacements of the hip joints are ________.

rare because of the ligament reinforcement

Which of the following movements does NOT increase or decrease the angle between bones?

rotation

The type of joint between the carpal (trapezium) and the first metacarpal is a ________ joint.

saddle

Fibrous joints are classified as ________.

sutures, syndesmoses, and gomphoses

A joint united by fibrocartilage tissue that usually permits a slight degree of movement is a ________.

symphysis

Which of the following are cartilaginous joints?

synchondroses

Which ligament of the knee initiates the knee-jerk reflex when tapped?

the patellar ligament

Which joint does NOT belong with the others?

wrist

Synovial fluid is present in joint cavities of freely movable joints. Which of the following statements is true about this fluid?

It contains hyaluronic acid.

Antibiotic treatment would be recommended for ________.

Lyme disease

Which of the following is a true statement?

The annular ligament surrounds the head of the radius.

Which of the following statements best describes angular movements?

They change (increase or decrease) the angle between two bones.

Synarthrotic joints ________.

are immovable joints

Connective tissue sacs lined with synovial membrane that act as cushions in places where friction develops are called ________.

bursae

Saddle joints have concave and convex surfaces. Identify a saddle joint of the skeleton.

carpometacarpal joint of the thumb

Which of the following statements defines synchondroses?

cartilaginous joints where hyaline cartilage unites the ends of bones

Lifting up a glass to take a drink involves the elbow joint. Which of the following correctly characterizes that joint?

diarthrotic

On the basis of structural classification, which is a fibrous joint?

syndesmosis

Which of the following is NOT strictly a part of a synovial joint?

tendon sheath

An individual with a "double-jointed" thumb can pull it back towards the wrist much farther than normal. What does it mean to be "double-jointed?"

the joint capsules and ligaments are more stretchy and loose than normal

An example of an interosseous fibrous joint is ________.

the radius and ulna along its length

Football players often sustain lateral blows to the extended knee. Which of the following is (are) damaged as a result?

tibial collateral ligament, medial meniscus, and anterior cruciate ligament

Baseball pitchers often require "Tommy John" surgery to repair damage to their elbow. Which ligament would this surgery target?

ulnar collateral ligament

What are menisci (articular discs)?

wedges of fibrocartilage that partially or completely divide the synovial cavity